ELECTOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

大脑发育的电生理学研究

• 批准号: 3738384
• 负责人: HELEN J NEVILLE
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3738384
• 关键词: Downs syndrome; auditory stimulus; brain electrical activity; child behavior disorders; child mental disorders; congenital nervous system disorder; developmental neurobiology; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; form /pattern perception; human subject; language development; middle childhood (6-11); neuropsychology; partial seizure; preschool child (1-5); sensory signal detection; syndrome; verbal behavior

Our broad goals in this research are to study the biological constraints and the role of experience in setting up functionally specialized neural systems in normal development and to study the nature and extent of changes in this process in cases of abnormal development. An important approach in this endeavor is to study changes in brain organization that occur as a function of chronological age and to contrast these with changes linked to specific abilities when age is held constant. The variability occurring in normal development, as in the case of early and late talkers, provides one opportunity to address this issue. The study of abnormal development, as in the case of language impaired (LI) children, children with focal brain lesions (FL children) and children with Williams Syndrome, provides another opportunity to link specific changes in neural development with alterations in specific sensory and cognitive abilities. To this end we will record event-related potentials (ERPs) from over several brain regions making comparisons within and between the cerebral hemispheres in a series of studies designed to assess different aspects of sensory, language and cognitive processing. The specific aims of the proposed series of experiments include: (1) To determine (a) the time course of the normally occurring pattern of cerebral specializations for language processing and its relation to the attainment of specific language abilities, and (b) whether the behavioral alterations in the normal time course of language acquisition that occur in FL children, LI children and children with Williams and Down Syndrome, are associated with specific modifications in the organization of language- relevant brain systems. (2) To assess the hypotheses that (a) different neural systems mediate semantic and syntactic aspects of language processing from an early age, (b) neural systems important in grammatical processing are more vulnerable to early experience than are the systems that mediate semantic processing and these may be abnormally organized in language impaired children and FL children and Williams Syndrome, (c) different neural systems mediate language and non-language cognitive processing at all ages and levels of development, (d) abnormal organization of neural systems associated with processing rapidly presented auditory stimuli is linked with abnormal language acquisition in a subset of LI children, and may also be linked to the sparing of language in Williams Ss.

我们在这项研究中的广泛目标是研究生物学限制 以及经验在设置功能专业的神经方面的作用 正常发展的系统并研究变化的性质和程度 在此过程中，在异常发展的情况下。 一个重要的方法 这项工作是研究大脑组织的变化 时间年龄的功能，并将其与与之相关的变化进行对比 年龄保持恒定时的特定能力。 发生的变异性 正常发展，例如早期和晚讲者，提供了一个 解决这个问题的机会。 异常发展的研究 对于语言受损（li）儿童，焦点大脑的儿童 病变（FL儿童）和威廉姆斯综合症的儿童提供另一种 有机会将神经发育的特定变化与更改联系起来 在特定的感觉和认知能力中。 为此，我们将记录 来自多个大脑区域的事件相关电位（ERP） 在一系列的脑半球内和之间的比较 旨在评估感官，语言和语言的不同方面的研究 认知处理。 拟议系列的特定目的 实验包括： （1）确定（a）正常发生模式的时间过程 语言处理的脑专长及其与 达到特定语言能力，以及（b）行为是否 发生在正常时间习得的正常时间过程中的改变 FL儿童，LI儿童和威廉姆斯和唐氏综合症的孩子 与语言组织中的特定修改有关 - 相关的大脑系统。 （2）评估（a）不同神经系统介导的假设 从小就开始语言处理的语义和句法方面， （b）在语法处理中重要的神经系统更脆弱 早期体验比调解语义处理的系统 这些可能在语言受损的儿童和佛罗里达语言中组织起来 儿童和威廉姆斯综合症，（c）不同的神经系统中介 语言和非语言认知处理在所有年龄和水平 开发，（d）与之相关的神经系统的异常组织 处理迅速呈现的听觉刺激与异常有关 在LI儿童的一部分中获取语言，也可能与 威廉姆斯SS的语言保留。