Ultra-Low Noise Measurement Capability for Quantum Science

量子科学的超低噪声测量能力

• 批准号: EP/W006383/1
• 负责人: Michael Pepper
• 金额: $ 122.63万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FW006383%2F1
• 关键词: Ultra; Low; Noise; Measurement; Capability

In the past few years there has been a very high international interest in Quantum Physics leading to new Technologies. The success of these technologies will lead to advances in a range of activities including new types of sensor, secure communications and advanced computing with the ability to perform calculations not presently possible. This latter category is based on the properties of quantum systems to develop bits, so called qu-bits, which can take any value between 0 and 1 unlike present, conventional, bits which are 0 or 1. However the development of this technology requires many advances in techniques and understanding, particularly as the means of generating the qubits are extremely low energy requiring temperatures very close to the absolute zero. Commercial equipment is available for reaching these temperatures but often electronic noise emanating from other equipment, radio stations and other sources is picked up by the device under test. This prevents the electrons from reaching the lowest temperatures necessary to observe the quantum effects. It is the purpose of this grant to develop noise reduction techniques in this very low temperature equipment which enables investigation of quantum properties including those not presently observable. The effects which we hope to investigate include some which stem from the repulsion of electrons in specific devices forming a new type of configuration and behaving as if they had a fractional charge. Other effects are based on quantum entanglement, which has no non-quantum counterpart, and arises from the property of two electrons to sense each other and mutually change their properties even when apart. To observe these effects requires a very detailed and precise isolation of the elecrons from any disturbing influences at extremly low temperatures and it is the purpose of this application to establish this isolation and investigate the new quantum properties which may emerge.

在过去的几年中，国际社会对量子物理学产生了很高的兴趣，从而催生了新技术。这些技术的成功将带来一系列活动的进步，包括新型传感器、安全通信和先进计算，以及能够执行目前不可能的计算的能力。后一类基于量子系统的特性来开发比特，即所谓的量子比特，它可以取 0 到 1 之间的任何值，这与当前传统的比特为 0 或 1 不同。然而，这项技术的开发需要许多技术和理解的进步，特别是因为生成量子位的方法能量极低，需要的温度非常接近绝对零。商用设备可达到这些温度，但来自其他设备、无线电台和其他来源的电子噪声通常会被被测设备拾取。这阻止了电子达到观察量子效应所需的最低温度。这笔赠款的目的是在这种极低温设备中开发降噪技术，从而能够研究量子特性，包括目前无法观察到的量子特性。我们希望研究的效应包括一些源于特定器件中电子排斥的效应，形成一种新型的配置，并且表现得好像它们具有分数电荷。其他效应基于量子纠缠，它没有非量子对应物，并且源于两个电子即使在分开时也能相互感知并相互改变其属性的特性。为了观察这些效应，需要在极低的温度下对电子进行非常详细和精确的隔离，使其免受任何干扰影响，本应用的目的是建立这种隔离并研究可能出现的新量子特性。