Liquid Ammonia Direct Injection (LADI) fundamental physics and modelling of the aero-thermodynamic of transitional atomisation regime

液氨直喷 (LADI) 基础物理和过渡雾化状态的空气热力学建模

• 批准号: EP/X022811/1
• 负责人: Shijie Xu
• 金额: $ 26万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FX022811%2F1
• 关键词: Liquid; Ammonia; Direct; Injection; LADI

This proposal develops the knowledge and technology for direct injection (DI) of liquid ammonia (LNH3), as green and carbon-free alternative liquid fuel for engine applications. This is a critical step toward the decarbonisation of heavy road transportation and the power production sector. According to the International Energy Association report, LNH3 is considered as "the low hanging fruit" carbon-free hydrogen alternative energy carrier for the following reasons [1]. (1) Mass production and shipping infrastructure of LNH3 is already widely available thanks to its widespread applications in the fertiliser industry; (2) Storage of LNH3, in large quantity, is significantly safer and more economical than hydrogen-compared to hydrogen or natural gas (LNG), ammonia is liquefied at room temperature at 9.90 atm (similar to propane, a fuel with widespread domestic applications); (3) With a very high hydrogen density of kg H2 per 100 litres (even higher than liquid hydrogen), LNH3 is a prime hydrogen carrier. The heating value of LNH3 is lower than fossil fuels, e.g., diesel and gasoline, hence, more fuel is required to produce the same power out. The evolution in DI technology has enabled advanced injection strategies, by which highly precise and modulated multiple injections over an extended period of time allows delivering more fuels while improving the mixture quality by enhancing the evaporation and mixing. Especial emphasis is made on the recent engines developed at MAN and Wärtsilä, companies that are currently commercialising ammonia reciprocating engines for marine applications [2]. Problem: In theory, pure LNH3 DI-engines, as a viable solution for full decarbonisation of power and road transportation sectors, is achievable. However, there are currently technological barriers that prevent the widespread use of LNH3 to completely replace fossil fuels with zero-carbon emission engines. This lays in the following facts: (1) the reactivity of ammonia/air mixtures is very low and quite incompatible with the engine operating conditions; (2) spray of LNH3 is different from fossil fuels and exhibits a highly non-linear and unsteady behaviour which trigger significant combustion instabilities and catastrophic engine failure.In this project, we focus on the second issue by investigating LNH3 sprays in DI-engine applications.

该提案开发了液态氨（LNH3）直接注射（DI）的知识和技术，作为发动机应用的绿色和无碳替代液体燃料。这是朝着重型道路运输和电力生产部门脱碳的关键一步。根据国际能源协会的报告，由于以下原因，LNH3被认为是“低悬挂果”氢替代能载体[1]。 （1）LNH3的批量生产和运输基础设施已经广泛用于其在肥料行业中的广泛应用； （2）LNH3的存储大量储存比氢或天然气（LNG）更安全，更经济，在9.90 atm的室温下液化（类似于Propane，类似于丙烷，一种具有宽度宽度的家庭应用程序）； （3）LNH3的氢密度非常高，每100升（甚至高于液体氢），是主要的氢载体。 LNH3的加热值低于化石燃料，例如柴油和汽油，因此需要更多的燃料才能产生相同的电力。 DI技术的发展已经实现了高级注入策略，在很长一段时间内，高度精确和调节的多次注射允许提供更多的燃料，同时通过增强经济和混合来改善混合质量。特别重点是在Man andWärtsilä最近开发的发动机上，该公司目前正在商业化氨供应发动机的海洋应用程序[2]。问题：从理论上讲，纯LNH3 Di-Ingines是成功的动力和道路运输部门的可行解决方案。但是，目前有一些技术障碍可以防止使用LNH3的宽度使用，以完全替代零碳排放发动机的化石燃料。这列入了以下事实：（1）氨/空气混合物的反应性非常低，并且与发动机操作条件非常不相容； （2）LNH3的喷雾与化石燃料不同，表现出高度非线性和不稳定的行为，这会触发明显的组合不稳定性和灾难性发动机故障。在这个项目中，我们通过研究DI-Engine应用中的LNH3喷雾来重点关注第二个问题。