ADULT AGE DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE NOISE

成人认知噪音的年龄差异

• 批准号: 3453468
• 负责人: PHILIP A. ALLEN
• 金额: $ 8.08万
• 依托单位: CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-08-05 至 1996-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3453468
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; age difference; aging; auditory stimulus; cognition disorders; disease /disorder model; human old age (65+); human subject; intelligence tests; language; memory; neural information processing; noise; perception; performance; space perception; stimulus /response; stimulus interval; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

The purpose of the experiments contained in the present research proposal is to examine empirically the impact of normal aging and abnormal aging (the impact of Alzheimer's disease) on perceptual matching, spatial recognition memory, and visual search tasks. The participants will be healthy young and older adults, and older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goals of the current project are to: (a) test the viability of an internal noise model of cognitive aging, (b) distinguish differences in cognitive functioning related to normal aging from those associated with AD. Experiments 1-3 will examine the performances of healthy young and older adults on perceptual matching tasks (Experiment 1 will also test AD patients). The relative speed and accuracy with which subjects respond to "same" and "different" trials will be used to test the validity of the internal noise model. Experiments 4-6 will examine age differences on a spatial, recognition memory task for order information (Experiment 4 will also test AD patients). The internal noise model of cognitive aging predicts that transposition distance should impact upon reaction time (RT) and/or accuracy. Specifically, Correct rejection RTs and/or false alarm errors should increase as transposition distance decreases, and this effect should be larger for older adults. Experiments 7 and 9 will use more "ecologically valid" task to examine age differences in spatial recognition memory. A "clock face" task will be used where the minute and/or hour hand(s) of a clock face will be shifted relative to where they originally appeared on part of the trials (Experiment 7 will also test AD patients). Experiment 8 will test healthy older adults and AD patients on three paper-and-pencil tasks in order to examine the impact of linguistic deficits, perseveration, and context on AD patients' typically poor performance on production tasks for spatial memory. Using a visual search task, Experiments 10-12 will vary the number of instances of a target letter (i.e., redundancy) on a given trial. Also, half the trials will involve perceptual noise. The internal noise model predicts that older adults should exhibit relatively larger redundancy effects for noise trials than for no-noise trials on this visual search task where redundancy is varied from one to three instances. If the current tasks can separate healthy older adults from AD patients (i.e., Experiments 1, 4, 7-8, and 10), then these tasks could be used as assessment tools for indexing AD.

本研究建议中包含的实验目的 是凭经验检查正常衰老和异常衰老的影响 （阿尔茨海默氏病的影响）对感知匹配的空间 识别记忆和视觉搜索任务。 参与者将 健康的年轻人和老年人以及患有阿尔茨海默氏病的老年人 （广告）。 当前项目的目标是：（a）测试 认知衰老的内部噪声模型，（b）区分差异 在与正常老化有关的认知功能中 与广告。 实验1-3将检查健康的年轻和年龄较大的健康表现 成人进行感知匹配任务（实验1也将测试AD 患者）。 受试者反应的相对速度和准确性 将使用“相同”和“不同”试验来测试 内部噪声模型。 实验4-6将检查A的年龄差异 订单信息的空间，识别记忆任务（实验4将 还测试AD患者）。 认知衰老的内部噪声模型 预测换位距离应影响反应时间 （RT）和/或准确性。具体来说，正确拒绝RT和/或false 警报错误应随着换位距离降低而增加，并且 对于老年人，这种效果应该更大。 实验7和9将 使用更多的“生态有效”任务来检查空间的年龄差异 识别记忆。 在一分钟的地方将使用“时钟面”任务 时钟面的/或小时手（s）将相对于位置移动 它们最初出现在试验的一部分中（实验7也将 测试广告患者）。 实验8将测试健康的老年人和广告 患者执行三个纸笔任务以检查影响 AD患者的语言缺陷，持久性和背景 对于空间记忆的生产任务的性能通常很差。 使用 视觉搜索任务，实验10-12将改变实例数 在给定试验中的目标字母（即冗余）。 另外，一半 试验将涉及感知噪声。内部噪声模型预测 老年人应表现出相对较大的冗余效应 噪声试验比无噪声试验在此视觉搜索任务上进行 冗余从一个到三个实例不等。 如果当前任务 可以将健康的老年人与AD患者分开（即实验1， 4、7-8和10），然后这些任务可以用作评估工具 索引广告。