AGE DIFFERENCES IN EPISODIC AND SEMANTIC MEMORY

情景记忆和语义记忆的年龄差异

• 批准号: 2667615
• 负责人: PHILIP A. ALLEN
• 金额: $ 27.34万
• 依托单位: CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-08-05 至 2000-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2667615
• 关键词: age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; decision making; human old age (65+); human subject; language; memory; neural information processing; perception; performance; psychological tests; stimulus /response; stimulus interval; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): The purpose of the proposed research is to test a theory of age differences in processing resources for semantic and episodic memory. Salthouse has hypothesized that processing speed is a processing resource. Allen has proposed that neural noise as measured by entropy provides an even more basic measure of age differences in processing resources. Specifically, increased neural noise reduces the available processing resources for cognitive processes. The goal of the present project is to determine why differential age differences occur for episodic and semantic memory tasks across peripheral and central processing stages by examining whether practice and/or task type affects these age differences. The present proposal contains eight experiments that are designed to determine how entropy (a measure of neural noise), processing speed, and processing accuracy are related to age differences in processing resources across different processing stages (peripheral vs. central) and tasks (episodic vs. semantic memory). Experiments 1-2 will examine the time-accuracy functions of healthy young and older adults on lexical decision and memory search tasks that vary exposure duration. Accuracy data will be used to derive entropy values. Experiments 3-4 will use Pashler's psychological refractory period paradigm to examine age differences in processing resources as the stimulus onset asynchrony is varied between two tasks (Experiment 3 will use dot location followed by a lexical decision task: Experiment 4 will use dot location followed by lexical decision or memory search tasks). Experiment 4 will also examine the effect of practice on age differences in processing resources by using four sessions per participant. Experiments 5-8 will consist of four within subject experiments in which the same stimuli (words or numbers) are used for both semantic and episodic memory tasks. Experiments 5-8 will rule out stimulus confounds that were present in earlier studies on this topic.

描述（根据调查员的摘要进行了改编）： 拟议的研究是测试一种处理年龄差异的理论 语义和情节记忆的资源。 萨尔特大楼假设 处理速度是一种处理资源。 艾伦提出了神经 通过熵测量的噪声提供了更基本的年龄量度 处理资源的差异。 具体而言，神经噪声增加 减少用于认知过程的可用处理资源。 这 本项目的目标是确定为什么年龄差异 在周围和中央的情节和语义记忆任务中发生 通过检查实践和/或任务类型是否影响处理阶段 这些年龄差异。 本提案包含八个实验 旨在确定熵（一种神经噪声的量度）， 处理速度和处理精度与年龄差异有关 在不同的处理阶段处理资源（外围VS。 中央）和任务（情节与语义记忆）。 实验1-2将 检查健康的年轻人和老年人对时间准确性的功能 词汇决策和内存搜索任务改变了暴露持续时间。 精度数据将用于得出熵值。 实验3-4将 使用Pashler的心理难治时期范式检查年龄 随着刺激发作异步的处理，处理资源的差异是 两个任务之间有所不同（实验3将使用点位置，然后使用 词汇决策任务：实验4将使用点位置，然后使用 词汇决策或内存搜索任务）。 实验4也将检查 实践对使用的影响对处理资源的年龄差异 每个参与者四个会议。 实验5-8将包括四个 使用相同刺激（单词或数字）的主题实验 对于语义和情节记忆任务。 实验5-8将排除 关于该主题的早期研究中存在的刺激混淆了。