Doing More with Less Wiring: Mission-Critical and Intelligent Communication Protocols for Future Vehicles Using Power Lines

用更少的布线做更多的事情：使用电力线的未来车辆的关键任务和智能通信协议

• 批准号: EP/P025862/1
• 负责人: Zhengguo Sheng
• 金额: $ 12.87万
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP025862%2F1
• 关键词: Doing; More; Less; Wiring; Mission

With the emerging automated tasks in vehicle domain, the development of in-vehicle communications is increasingly important and subjected to new applications. Although both wired and wireless communications have been largely used for supporting diverse applications, most of in-vehicle applications with mission-critical nature, such as brake and engine controls, still prefer dedicated wired networks for reliable and secure transmission. One of the key challenges for data wiring is to facilitate the interconnectivity of increasing devices, e.g., sensors and electronic control units (ECU), effectively creating an in-vehicle network with low response latency, improved reliability and less complexity. The space requirement, weight, and installation costs for these wires can become significant, especially in future vehicles, which are highly sophisticated electronic systems. Given that vehicle components, sensors and ECUs are already connected to power wires, we apply vehicle power lines, which have recently been utilized for in-vehicle communications at the physical layer, to in-vehicle networks in this proposal. Taking mass air flow sensor as an example, it has one power wire and two signal wires, it will be efficient to use power line communications to replace the current signal wires, so 66% of wiring can be reduced. The advancement of vehicular power line communications (VPLC) can provide a very low complexity and free platform for in-vehicle networks, which is ideal for the increasing demand of applications in particular with future vehicles. However, the emerging VPLC is constrained by lack of protocol support, which pose significant challenges to deploy it in practise and ensure mission-critical communications. The following example illustrates the motivation of this proposal.An example for the motivation: A future vehicle is equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) which can be connected with multiple sensors and ECUs to provide safety monitoring and control. An important demand of this scenario is that the systems, viewed as sources, should have stable connections with all ECUs, or network destinations. And it is also important that such in-vehicle networks must guarantee ultra-low latency for emerging control services since any seconds of delay may cause fatal accident. Therefore, an effective protocol design is crucial for VPLC to support future applications with mission-critical and high-bandwidth demands. The aim of the project is to improve the reliability of the network and guarantee stringent mission-critical requirements of in-vehicle applications in vehicular power line communications. We will partner with automotive specialists and construct the project to develop innovative and intelligent in-vehicle communication protocols. The solution this proposal is seeking is two fold. One is to pursue new design of intelligent access and congestion control solutions by fully exploring the practical and theoretical analysis, dynamic nature of channels/traffic patterns and self-learning techniques, which provides the theoretic aspect of the proposal. Then, the second step is from the practical aspect, where the proposed power line method shall be able to coexist and cooperate with existing state-of-the-art solutions, and its performance will be validated by practical in-vehicle traffic data. Obviously the two are inseparable not just because the ultimate goal of reliable communication for in-vehicle networks is only possible with the accomplishment of the both two parts, but also because the interaction between the two parts is the key for effective system design.

随着车辆领域自动化任务的不断涌现，车载通信的发展变得越来越重要并面临着新的应用。尽管有线和无线通信已广泛用于支持各种应用，但大多数具有关键任务性质的车载应用（例如制动和发动机控制）仍然更喜欢专用有线网络来实现可靠和安全的传输。数据布线的关键挑战之一是促进传感器和电子控制单元 (ECU) 等越来越多设备的互连，从而有效地创建响应延迟低、可靠性更高且复杂性更低的车载网络。这些电线的空间要求、重量和安装成本可能会变得很大，特别是在未来的车辆中，这些车辆是高度复杂的电子系统。鉴于车辆部件、传感器和ECU已经连接到电源线，因此我们将最近用于物理层车内通信的车辆电源线应用于本提案中的车载网络。以空气流量传感器为例，它有一根电源线和两根信号线，用电力线通信取代现有的信号线将是高效的，因此可以减少66%的布线。车载电力线通信（VPLC）的进步可以为车载网络提供非常低复杂性和免费的平台，这非常适合日益增长的应用需求，特别是未来车辆的需求。然而，新兴的VPLC由于缺乏协议支持而受到限制，这给实际部署和确保关键任务通信带来了巨大挑战。下面的例子说明了这个提案的动机。动机的一个例子：未来的车辆配备了先进的驾驶员辅助系统（ADAS），可以与多个传感器和ECU连接以提供安全监控和控制。该场景的一个重要需求是，作为源的系统应与所有 ECU 或网络目的地具有稳定的连接。同样重要的是，此类车载网络必须保证新兴控制服务的超低延迟，因为任何一秒钟的延迟都可能导致致命事故。因此，有效的协议设计对于 VPLC 支持未来具有关键任务和高带宽需求的应用至关重要。该项目的目的是提高网络的可靠性并保证车载电力线通信中车载应用的严格任务关键要求。我们将与汽车专家合作，建设创新、智能的车载通信协议开发项目。该提案寻求的解决方案有两个方面。一是通过充分探索实践和理论分析、通道/流量模式的动态性质和自学习技术，追求智能访问和拥塞控制解决方案的新设计，这为该提案提供了理论依据。然后，第二步是从实践方面出发，所提出的电力线方法应能够与现有的最先进的解决方案共存和协作，并且其性能将通过实际的车载交通数据进行验证。显然，两者是密不可分的，不仅因为车载网络可靠通信的最终目标只有在这两部分都实现的情况下才可能实现，而且还因为这两部分之间的相互作用是有效系统设计的关键。

项目成果

Worst-Case Access Delay of HomePlug Green PHY (HPGP) for Delay-Critical In-Vehicle Applications

针对延迟关键型车载应用的 HomePlug Green PHY (HPGP) 最坏情况访问延迟

• DOI: http://dx.10.1109/glocom.2017.8254468
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Sheng Z

ePRIVO: An Enhanced PRIvacy-preserVing Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks

ePRIVO：用于车辆延迟容忍网络的增强型隐私保护机会路由协议

• DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2018.2870113
• 发表时间: 2018-09-13
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: Naércio Magaia;C. Borrego;P. Pereira;M. Correia
• 通讯作者: M. Correia

Channel Access Optimization with Adaptive Congestion Pricing for Cognitive Vehicular Networks: An Evolutionary Game Approach

认知车辆网络的信道访问优化与自适应拥堵定价：一种进化博弈方法

• DOI: 10.1109/tmc.2019.2901471
• 发表时间: 2020-04-01
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: Daxin Tian;Jianshan Zhou;Yunpeng Wang;Zhengguo Sheng;Xuting Duan;V. Leung
• 通讯作者: V. Leung

Contention-based learning MAC protocol for broadcast vehicle-to-vehicle communication

用于广播车对车通信的基于竞争的学习 MAC 协议

• DOI: 10.1109/vnc.2017.8275614
• 发表时间: 2017-11-01
• 期刊: 2017 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)
• 作者: Andreas Pressas;Zhengguo Sheng;F. Ali;Daxin Tian;M. Nekovee
• 通讯作者: M. Nekovee

ReFIoV: A Novel Reputation Framework for Information-Centric Vehicular Applications

ReFIoV：以信息为中心的车辆应用的新型声誉框架

• DOI: 10.1109/tvt.2018.2886572
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: Naércio Magaia;Zhengguo Sheng
• 通讯作者: Zhengguo Sheng