Commensurability of scientific and indigneous ecological knowledge in coastal Melanesia: implications for contempory marine resource management strategies: WORKING PAPER

美拉尼西亚沿海科学和非自然生态知识的可通约性：对当代海洋资源管理战略的影响：工作文件

• 批准号: global : 9a6d27d0-3fce-11dc-b6a8-00188b4c0af8
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 0100-11-30 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/commensurability-scientific-indigneous-working-paper/680247
• 关键词: Commensurability; scientific; indigneous; ecological; knowledge

This record describes, and links to a working paper produced through the Resource Management in Asia-Pacific (RMAP) Program based at The Australian National University in Canberra.<br /> *****<br /> Fundamental ontological differences between scientific and indigenous ecological knowledge systems in coastal Melanesia have resulted in very different conclusions being drawn from similar sets of observations. The same inductive logic may lead both scientists and non-science-trained fishers to conclude that, say, square-tail trout aggregate at a certain phase of the moon in a certain reef passage, but different assumptions derived from disparate ontologies (in this case 'traditional' Melanesian versus scientific) may lead to very different conclusions about why the fish are there. In some cases these differences have significant implications for the way marine resources are exploited, and managed (or not). Examples are presented here of non-scientific ontologies that underpin local beliefs about the biology or ecology of fished organisms that have led to poor management of stocks of these species. The potential for scientific education to 'fill gaps' in indigenous knowledge systems (and vice versa) and thus lead to improved management is discussed in the light of some claims that scientific and traditional knowledge systems are incommensurable. The heuristic value of the purported absence of a (Cartesian) dualistic separation of nature and culture in traditional Melanesian cosmologies (relative to those of industrialised Western cultures) is explored with regard to indigenous conceptions of human agency over resource abundance, and the relevance this has for management and conservation. I also speculate about recent transformations of rural Melanesian ontological frameworks through Western/scientific influences, and the associated differences in knowledge systems between young and old members of society, again with respect to the implications these have for the work of proponents of resource management and biodiversity conservation in the region.

该记录描述并链接到通过位于堪培拉的澳大利亚国立大学的亚太地区资源管理 (RMAP) 项目编写的工作论文。<br /> *****<br /> 美拉尼西亚沿海科学和本土生态知识系统之间的基本本体差异导致从相似的观察中得出截然不同的结论。同样的归纳逻辑可能会导致科学家和非受过科学训练的渔民得出这样的结论：方尾鳟鱼在某个月相的特定礁石通道中聚集，但不同的假设源自不同的本体论（在本例中） “传统的”美拉尼西亚人与科学的）可能会导致关于鱼为何在那里的截然不同的结论。在某些情况下，这些差异对海洋资源的开发和管理（或不管理）方式具有重大影响。这里提供的非科学本体论的例子支撑了当地对捕捞生物体的生物学或生态学的信念，这些信念导致了这些物种种群的管理不善。鉴于科学和传统知识体系不可通约的一些主张，讨论了科学教育“填补土著知识体系空白”（反之亦然）从而改善管理的潜力。传统美拉尼西亚宇宙论（相对于工业化的西方文化）中据称不存在自然与文化的（笛卡尔）二元分离，其启发价值是关于人类对资源丰富性的代理概念的探索，以及这与用于管理和保护。我还推测美拉尼西亚农村本体论框架最近因西方/科学影响而发生的转变，以及社会年轻成员和老年成员之间知识体系的相关差异，同样涉及这些对资源管理和生物多样性支持者工作的影响该地区的保护。