In-situ profilometry for transient testing of automotive materials

用于汽车材料瞬态测试的原位轮廓测量

基本信息

批准号：
EP/P024475/1
负责人：
John Walker
金额：
$ 12.82万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP024475%2F1
关键词：
situ profilometry transient testing automotive

项目摘要

Start-stop technology is now widely available on mass-produced automotive vehicles. The engine is able to automatically stop when power is not required (at traffic lights, for example) and quickly start up again when the driver needs to move again. This is a useful technology that saves fuel and reduces exhaust emissions. However there are potential problems with the technology as vehicles get older. The engine needs to be running to generate the oil films that protect surfaces from wearing out. When the engine is stopped and then started again, the amount of friction and wear increases compared to when it is continuously running. This could be a problem as vehicles get older as they may wear out earlier than anticipated, causing environmental emissions and being expensive to replace. There is currently no test standard to compare how the surfaces of automotive materials behave when they are repeatedly stopped and started as little scientific work has been done in this area.In this project we will build a sensor that will measure the extent to which surfaces are being damaged when they are stopped and started many times and compare it to how they behave when they run continuously. This is challenging as the surfaces are often covered in oil and difficult to measure, meaning people usually have to wait until the end of the test to measure them. They then have to perform many tests to try and find out the overall behaviour. This proves expensive and impractical, such that a continuous test is usually preferable. We propose to develop a sensor that automatically measures how much wear was being generated in a single test, which will make it easier to compare how different materials in the engine behave under transient (start-stop) conditions. To do this, we will build a profilometer based on a Hall effect sensor. This sensor uses a magnet to detect changes in height. We will use 3D printing to construct a flexure that integrates a very sharp diamond tip and the Hall effect probe into one assembly and then attach it to a 3-axis motor controller. This will allow us to scan surfaces quickly when they have stopped and measure how fast start-stop operation is wearing them out. It is challenging to measure oily surfaces, so we would develop new technology that will clean the surface using compressed air. If successful, this will allow us to measure the durability of existing materials that are subject to environmentally friendly start-stop operation. The test could then be used to look for new materials and coatings to ensure they would last the life-cycle of the vehicle and not become prematurely degraded, causing more emissions or engine repair costs. Ultimately, the project could be key to the way that future materials are chosen for our vehicles because the methodology simulates real engine driving conditions and would form part of automotive material testing standards.

启停技术现已广泛应用于批量生产的汽车上。当不需要电力时（例如在红绿灯处），发动机能够自动停止，并在驾驶员需要再次移动时快速启动。这是一项有用的技术，可以节省燃料并减少废气排放。然而，随着车辆老化，该技术存在潜在问题。发动机需要运转才能产生油膜，以保护表面免受磨损。当发动机停止然后再次启动时，与连续运转时相比，摩擦和磨损量会增加。随着车辆老化，这可能会成为一个问题，因为它们可能比预期更早磨损，导致环境排放并且更换成本昂贵。目前还没有测试标准来比较汽车材料的表面在反复停止和启动时的表现，因为这方面的科学工作还很少。在这个项目中，我们将构建一个传感器来测量表面的变化程度。当它们多次停止和启动时会受到损坏，并将其与它们连续运行时的行为进行比较。这是具有挑战性的，因为表面通常被油覆盖并且难以测量，这意味着人们通常必须等到测试结束才能测量它们。然后他们必须执行许多测试来尝试找出整体行为。事实证明，这既昂贵又不切实际，因此通常优选连续测试。我们建议开发一种传感器，可以自动测量单次测试中产生的磨损量，这将更容易比较发动机中不同材料在瞬态（启停）条件下的表现。为此，我们将构建一个基于霍尔效应传感器的轮廓仪。该传感器使用磁铁来检测高度的变化。我们将使用 3D 打印来构建一个挠性件，将非常锋利的金刚石尖端和霍尔效应探针集成到一个组件中，然后将其连接到 3 轴电机控制器。这将使我们能够在表面停止时快速扫描表面，并测量启停操作对表面的磨损速度。测量油性表面具有挑战性，因此我们将开发新技术，使用压缩空气清洁表面。如果成功，这将使我们能够测量受环保启停操作影响的现有材料的耐用性。然后，该测试可用于寻找新材料和涂层，以确保它们能够持续车辆的整个生命周期，并且不会过早降解，从而导致更多的排放或发动机维修成本。最终，该项目可能成为未来为我们的车辆选择材料的关键，因为该方法模拟真实的发动机驾驶条件，并将构成汽车材料测试标准的一部分。