FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE EXPANDERS (NextORC)

有机兰金循环扩张剂的基础研究 (NextORC)

• 批准号: EP/P009131/1
• 负责人: Abdulnaser Sayma
• 金额: $ 84.18万
• 依托单位: City, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP009131%2F1
• 关键词: FUNDAMENTAL; STUDIES; ORGANIC; RANKINE; CYCLE

Commercial steam power plants pressurise and heat water to produce steam which is then expanded to produce electricity. However, using an organic fluid permits low temperature heat sources, typically between 80 and 350 degrees Celsius, to be converted into mechanical power more economically than steam. Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) therefore have a great potential to contribute to the UK's mix of low carbon technologies with promising applications such as combined heat and power, concentrated solar power and waste heat recovery from reciprocating engines and other industrial processes with waste heat streams. However, despite successful commercialisation of ORCs for industrial scale applications, more development is required at the commercial and domestic scales before its potential can be realised. More specifically, at these small-scales, the challenge lies in the design of systems that are efficient but are also low cost. One approach to achieving this is to develop systems that operate efficiently over a range of different conditions. This will enable the high-volume, low-cost production of ORC systems, enabling significant improvements in the economy-of-scale. Furthermore, at this scale, different expander technologies, such as turbo and screw expanders, and system architectures can be considered. However, it is not clear which expander technology or system architecture is the optimal choice to achieve the desired improvements in the economy-of-scale. To answer this question it is important to improve the understanding of how different ORC expanders perform across a wide range of operating conditions, and to investigate how these systems respond to changes in the working fluid.The focus of this proposal is to conduct original research to improve the fundamental understanding on the performance of two different types of ORC expander, namely turbo and screw expanders. Computational and experimental methods will be used to investigate the performance of these expanders across a wide range of operating conditions and with a variety of organic fluids. These studies must account for the complexities of using organic fluids that exhibit complex fluid behaviour not observed in conventional fluids such as air and steam, in addition to considering the high speed flows, and two-phase conditions that are expected in turbo and screw expanders respectively. Ultimately, the results from these studies will improve the existing scientific understanding, and will facilitate the development of new performance prediction methods for these expanders. Understanding these aspects will not only lead to improved performance prediction, but could also lead to improved component design in the future. Within this project the new prediction methods will be used to investigate and compare the performance of different expanders within different ORC system architectures. The results from these comparisons will enable the identification of the optimal systems that can operate across a wide range of operating conditions, and therefore best facilitate improvements in the economy-of-scale of small-scale ORC systems.The primary outcomes of this research will be improved fundamental understanding of the performance of ORC expanders and validated performance models for turbine and screw expanders. Furthermore, recommendations will be made on the most appropriate system configurations that offer improvements in the economy-of-scale, thus enhancing the future commercialisation of small-scale ORC technology. Therefore this project has the potential to stimulate investment and create new jobs within the low carbon energy market, whilst positively contributing to the UK's existing research portfolio in turbomachinery and screw expanders.

商用蒸汽发电厂加压并加热水以产生蒸汽，然后扩展以产生电力。但是，使用有机液允许低温热源（通常在80至350摄氏度之间）比蒸汽更经济地转化为机械能力。因此，有机Rankine循环（ORC）具有巨大的潜力，可以促进英国低碳技术与有希望的应用，例如热量和功率组合的应用，集中的太阳能以及从往复式发动机和其他工业过程中恢复与废热流的工业过程。但是，尽管成功地将兽人用于工业规模应用，但在实现其潜力之前，需要在商业和国内规模上进行更多的发展。更具体地说，在这些小规模的情况下，挑战在于设计有效但也是低成本的系统的设计。实现此目的的一种方法是开发在各种不同条件下有效运行的系统。这将使兽人系统的大量低成本生产能够显着改善尺度。此外，在此规模上，可以考虑不同的扩张技术，例如涡轮和螺丝螺丝刀，以及系统体系结构。但是，目前尚不清楚哪种扩展器技术或系统体系结构是实现经济规模改进的最佳选择。为了回答这个问题，重要的是要提高对不同ORC扩展器在各种操作条件上的性能的理解，并研究这些系统如何应对工作流体的变化。该提案的重点是进行原始研究，以提高对两种不同类型的ORC扩展器的性能的基本了解，即涡轮和螺丝螺丝器。计算和实验方法将用于研究这些扩展器在各种操作条件和各种有机流体中的性能。这些研究必须说明使用有机流体的复杂性，这些有机液表现出在常规流体（例如空气和蒸汽）中未观察到的复杂流体行为，除了考虑高速流以及分别在涡轮增压器和螺丝螺丝膨胀器中预期的两阶段条件外。最终，这些研究的结果将改善现有的科学理解，并有助于为这些扩展器开发新的绩效预测方法。了解这些方面不仅会改善性能预测，而且还可能导致将来改进的组件设计。在该项目中，新的预测方法将用于研究和比较不同ORC系统体系结构中不同扩展器的性能。这些比较的结果将能够识别可以在各种操作条件下运行的最佳系统，因此最好的最佳促进了小规模兽人系统的规模的改善。这项研究的主要结果将得到改善对ORC扩展器的性能以及验证的绩效模型的基本了解，并验证了涡轮和螺丝螺丝螺丝的效果模型。此外，将对最合适的系统配置提出建议，以改善规模的经济，从而增强了小型兽人技术的未来商业化。因此，该项目有可能刺激投资并在低碳能源市场中创造新的就业机会，同时为英国现有的涡轮机械和螺丝螺丝刀现有的研究组合做出了积极的贡献。

项目成果

Numerical Modelling and Experimental Validation of Twin-Screw Expanders

• DOI: 10.3390/en13184700
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Energies
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: K. Vimalakanthan;M. Read;A. Kovacevic

Fluid selection for small-scale rankine cycle plants: Can you draw some lines in the sand?

小型朗肯循环装置的流体选择：你能在沙子上画一些线吗？

• DOI: 10.18462/iir.rankine.2020.1161
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Refrigeration Science and Technology
• 作者: White M.T.

A Generalised Assessment of Working Fluids and Radial Turbines for Non-Recuperated Subcritical Organic Rankine Cycles

• DOI: 10.3390/en11040800
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Energies
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: M. White;A. Sayma

A new method to identify the optimal temperature of latent-heat thermal-energy storage systems for power generation from waste heat

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119111
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: M. White;A. Sayma

Making the case for cascaded organic Rankine cycles for waste-heat recovery

• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118912
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Energy
• 影响因子: 9
• 作者: M. White;M. Read;A. Sayma