FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF VERTEBRATE VISUAL SYSTEMS

脊椎动物视觉系统的功能组织

• 批准号: 3255555
• 负责人: JOHN E DOWLING
• 金额: $ 12.21万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-06-01 至 1989-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3255555
• 关键词: amacrine cells; catecholamine inhibitor; electron microscopy; electrophysiology; fresh water environment; histochemistry /cytochemistry; neuroanatomy; neuropharmacology; neurophysiology; neurotransmitters; retina; retinal bipolar neuron; saltwater environment; synapses; tissue /cell culture; visual pathways; visual photoreceptor

The overall goal of this project is to gain an understanding of retinal function. For the next 5 years, we are focusing our efforts on attempting to identify the neurotransmitters used by the retinal neurons and especially on the effects these substances have on retinal cells. Much of the work planned will utilize isolated retinal cells maintained in culture for periods of days to weeks. Five specific projects are proposed: 1) Patch and voltage clamping of isolated horizontal and bipolar cells of the carp and skate retina. This project is studying by patch clamping techniques the response of the horizontal cell membrane to L-glutamate and its analogues. We plan in particular to use patch clamp electrodes to voltage clamp the isolated cells in order to study the ion flows that occur in these cells in response to neurotransmitter substances. 2) An analysis of the ionic mechanisms underlying the responses of isolated and cultured horizontal and bipolar cells of the carp and skate retinas to various neurotransmitter agents, and a quantitative evaluation of the effects of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists on these neurons. For these experiments, drugs or altered Ringer's solution will be applied to the isolated cells by a microperfusion technique. 3) A physiological and pharmacological study of neurons in culture other than horizontal and bipolar cells, and a study of isolated neurons maintained in culture that are derived from animals other than fish. We are particularly interested in maintaining amacrine cells in culture and studying their physiological and pharmacological properties and also studying isolated retinal neurons from a mammal, perhaps rabbit, in culture. 4) A study of synapse formation between neurons maintained in culture and a physiological and pharmacological analysis of such synapses. Initially we plan to study electrical synapse formation between cultured horizontal cells, but eventually we hope to induce and study chemical synapse formation between a variety of retinal cells. 5) An analysis of the effects of drugs and altered Ringer's solution on neurons in the intact perfused retina. These experiments are intended to complement the isolated cell studies by comparing the effects of drugs and/or altered Ringer's solution on isolated cells with the effects of the same treatments on cells in the intact retina.

该项目的总体目标是了解视网膜 功能。 未来5年，我们将集中精力尝试 识别视网膜神经元使用的神经递质 特别是这些物质对视网膜细胞的影响。 很多 计划的工作将利用培养中的分离视网膜细胞 持续数天至数周。 提出了五个具体项目：1) 隔离水平和双极电池的贴片和电压钳位 鲤鱼和鳐鱼的视网膜。 本项目正在研究膜片钳 技术水平细胞膜对 L-谷氨酸的反应和 它的类似物。 我们特别计划使用膜片钳电极 对隔离的电池进行电压钳位以研究发生的离子流 这些细胞对神经递质物质做出反应。 2）分析 分离和培养的反应背后的离子机制 鲤鱼和鳐鱼视网膜的水平和双极细胞对各种 神经递质剂，以及对其影响的定量评估 这些神经元上的神经递质激动剂和拮抗剂。 对于这些 实验、药物或改变的林格氏溶液将被应用到 通过微灌注技术分离细胞。 3）生理和 除水平和水平培养之外的培养神经元的药理学研究 双极细胞，以及对培养物中分离的神经元的研究 来自鱼类以外的动物。 我们特别感兴趣 在培养物中维持无长突细胞并研究其生理学 和药理学特性，并研究分离的视网膜神经元 在文化中来自哺乳动物，也许是兔子。 4）突触形成的研究 培养物中维持的神经元与生理和 此类突触的药理学分析。 最初我们计划学习 培养的水平细胞之间电突触的形成，但是 最终我们希望诱导和研究化学突触的形成 各种视网膜细胞。 5）药物作用分析 改变了林格氏溶液对完整灌注视网膜中神经元的作用。 这些 实验旨在补充分离的细胞研究 比较药物和/或改变的林格氏溶液对分离物的影响 细胞与对完整视网膜细胞进行相同处理的效果。