PSYCHOPHYSICS OF READING: NORMAL AND LOW VISION

阅读的心理物理学：正常视力和低视力

• 批准号: 3483968
• 负责人: GORDON E LEGGE
• 金额: $ 15.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-09-01 至 1991-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3483968
• 关键词: human subject; psychophysics; reading; sequential perception; vision aid; vision disorders; visual fields; visual perception; visual photosensitivity; visual stimulus

We will measure how reading by observers with normal and low vision depends on the stimulus properties of text. The stimulus properties of text that are necessary for normal observers to read are defined to be the visual requirements of reading. Our research has three primary goals: 1) to measure the visual requirements of reading under conditions that are relevant to low vision; 2) to develop simple tests of visual capacity that can predict reading performance of low-vision observers; and 3) to discover the influence on reading performance of stimulus properties, opthalmic disorder, acuity deficit and field loss for low-vision observers. We will use psychophusical methods in five series of exerpiments. First we will discover the visual requirements of normal reading, with special emphasis on contract and spatial frequency. We will also measure the visual requirements of letter, word, and picture recognition. Secondly, we will seek to develop improved means for measuring contrast sensitivity, based on recognition rather than detection, to quantify the visual capacityes of low-vision observers. Thirdly, we will determine whether recognition tests of contrast sensitivity and knowledge of the visual requirements of normal reading can be used together to predict reading performance of low-vision observers. Fourthly, we will measure effects of several special factors of low-vision reading--glare, contrast reversal, wavelength, and defocus. Finally, we will test hyptheses that attempt to explain psychphysical properties of reading in terms of known properties of pattern vision. The research will be useful in three ways: 1) improved uonderstanding of the sensory constrains of normal reading; 2) the development of systematic techniques for testing low-vision capacity, with the aim of specifying image properties required of an appropriate reading aid; and 3) in establishing necessary stimulusl characteristics for new low-vision reading aids.

我们将衡量视力正常和低视力的观察者的阅读如何取决于 关于文本的刺激特性。 文本的刺激特性 正常观察者的读取必须定义为视觉 阅读要求。 我们的研究有三个主要目标：1） 测量在条件下阅读的视觉要求 与低视力有关； 2）开发简单的视觉能力测试 可以预测低视觉观察者的阅读性能； 3）发现 对刺激特性的阅读性能的影响 低视觉观察者的障碍，敏锐不足和野外损失。 我们将 在五个系列的驱动器中使用心理磨画方法。 首先，我们会 发现正常阅读的视觉要求，特别重点 在合同和空间频率上。 我们还将测量视觉 字母，单词和图片识别的要求。 其次，我们会的 寻求基于 识别而不是检测，以量化 低视觉观察者。 第三，我们将确定是否进行识别测试 对比敏感性和对正常视觉要求的知识 可以一起使用阅读来预测低视觉的阅读性能 观察者。 第四，我们将衡量几个特殊因素的影响 低视频读数 - 毛线，对比度逆转，波长和散焦。 最后，我们将测试试图解释心理学的炒作 阅读的属性以模式视觉的已知特性而言。 这 研究将以三种方式有用：1）改进 正常阅读的感觉约束； 2）系统的发展 测试低视率容量的技术，目的是指定 适当阅读援助所需的图像属性； 3）in 建立新的低视觉阅读的必要刺激特征 艾滋病。