DEVELOPMENT OF A PREPARED DIET FOR CEPHALOPODS

头足类预制饮食的开发

• 批准号: 3450957
• 负责人: Roger T Hanlon
• 金额: $ 9.91万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-03-10 至 1991-03-09
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3450957
• 关键词: Cephalopoda; animal care; chemoreceptors; diet; diet route /schedule; dietary constituent; eating; ethology; nutrition related tag; operant conditionings; veterinary science

The overall objective is to make cephalopods readily available as alternative biomedical research models to vertebrates. In Europe and Japan, Octopus has been and continues to be a well- established experimental animal. Recent work in the U.S. has developed reproducible methods for culturing several species in the laboratory. This proposal's aim is to develop a prepared diet that will promote growth and maturation in Octopus spp. While reducing feeding costs associated with live foods. Success in this project would constitute a major advance in cephalopod mollusc culture worldwide, and preliminary experiments indicate it is feasible. Octopuses are active carnivores that use visual, tactile and chemical cues as well as memory during foraging and feeding. To initiate feeding and growth on non-living foods, three general sequential procedures are recognized (1) behavioral conditioning to train animals to seize the items, (2) providing the appropriate chemical and textural cues for biting and ingesting the food, and (3) providing the correct nutritional balance for growth. Specifically, classical conditioning will be used to initiate and evaluate the feeding transition from live to dead to prepared diets. Chemical attractants, textures, palatability and digestibility of various prepared diets will be tested and analysed quantitatively, while the nutritional quality of those diets will be measured by the resultant survival, growth and maturation of octopuses relative to controls reared on normal live diets. The cost/ benefit relationship of using live vs. prepared diets will then be assessed. In the final year, the most successful prepared diets will be tested on squids by using the behavioral techniques and chemical attractants developed for octopuses. Application of these basic science techniques to this pragmatic problem of relying upon costly and incovenient live foods will lead to increases availability of octopuses through enhancement of laboratory culture. Octopuses have anatomical, physiological and behavioral attributes similar to vertebrates; for example, a highly developed nervous system, a complex eye and visual system, a closed circulatory system, short- and long-term memory, and sophisticated intra- and interspecific communication abilities.

总体目标是使头足类动物易于获得 脊椎动物的替代生物医学研究模型。 在欧洲 和日本，章鱼一直并将继续是一个很好的 建立实验动物。 最近在美国的工作 开发了可重复的方法来培养多个物种 实验室。 该提案的目的是开发预制饮食 这将促进章鱼的生长和成熟。 尽管 降低与活食相关的饲养成本。 在这方面取得成功 该项目将构成头足类软体动物的重大进步 世界范围内的文化，初步实验表明它是 可行的。 章鱼是活跃的食肉动物，使用视觉、触觉和触觉 化学信号以及觅食和进食过程中的记忆。 到 开始以非生命食物为食和生长，三个一般 顺序程序被认可 (1) 行为调节 训练动物抓住物品，(2) 提供适当的 咬和摄入食物的化学和质地线索，以及 (3)为生长提供正确的营养平衡。 具体来说，经典条件反射将用于启动和 评估从活到死再到准备好的喂养过渡 饮食。 化学引诱剂、质地、适口性和 将测试和分析各种准备好的饮食的消化率 定量，而这些饮食的营养质量将 通过最终的存活、生长和成熟来衡量 章鱼与正常活食饲养的对照章鱼的比较。 这 使用活食与预制饮食的成本/效益关系将 进行评估。 在最后一年，最成功的预制饮食 将使用行为技术在鱿鱼上进行测试 为章鱼开发的化学引诱剂。 将这些基本科学技术应用于这一务实的 依赖昂贵且不方便的活食的问题将导致 通过增强 实验室培养。 章鱼具有解剖学、生理学和 与脊椎动物相似的行为属性；例如，一个高度 发达的神经系统、复杂的眼睛和视觉系统、 封闭循环系统、短期和长期记忆，以及 复杂的种内和种间沟通能力。