Room Temperature, Earth's Field MASER

室温、地球场 MASER

基本信息

批准号：
EP/K011987/1
负责人：
Neil Alford
金额：
$ 153.65万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK011987%2F1
关键词：
Room Temperature Earth Field MASER

项目摘要

The work we propose in this research is to construct a MASER that can work at room temperature and in the Earth's magnetic field.The MASER (Microwave amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation) is in fact the forerunner of the LASER and was discovered around 50 years ago by Townes, Basov, and Prokhorov who shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. A LASER can be thought of simply as MASER that works with higher frequency photons in the ultraviolet or visible light spectrum whereas a maser works at microwave frequencies. Both systems rely on a chemical species with an excited energy-level population being stimulated into lower energy levels, either by photons or collisions with other species. Photons are then emitted by the atom or molecule, in addition to the original photons that entered the system. The photons entering the system stimulate the emission of further photons of the same frequency, meaning that a strong beam of monochromatic radiation is produced. Originally the laser was seen as a good idea looking for an application. They were made in small numbers and at one point the US government decreed that every laser should be stamped with a number for military and security purposes - an idea that soon lost its appeal when the market potential for the quantities of the devices became apparent. Today lasers are made in their billions and have found their way into applications in all sectors of industry from DVD players to laser eye surgery. Masers on the other hand are used only in very specialised applications such as atomic clocks and as amplifiers in radiofrequency telescopes. Masers were responsible for the stunning images of the solar system sent by the Voyager spacecraft. So why have masers not been widely applied? There are two key reasons. First masers need cryogenic temperatures and this means the use of either cryogenic liquids or special fridges. Second, they need high magnetic fields and this means the use of bulky magnets that need high power and usually cooling with water, if an electromagnet, or with helium, if a superconducting magnet. This research is aimed at producing a maser that will operate at room temperature and in the earth's magnetic field. This is of course an extremely ambitious project but it is borne out of research in some of the materials that will be used in the project and these are the very high Q resonators. Work on high Q resonators has been carried out by the group for several years and now it appears that a solid state maser can be made using a high Q resonator and quite a low power. Our initial scouting experiments have shown that it is indeed possible to achieve masing at room temperature and earth's field in pulsed mode. The research that will be carried out will explore new materials that will miniaturise the maser and require very low power to achieve the threshold required for masing.

我们在这项研究中提出的工作是建造一个可以在室温和地球磁场上工作的maser。实际上，Maser（通过刺激辐射的刺激排放进行的微波放大）实际上是激光的先驱，大约在50年前，大约在50年前，由Townes，Basov和Prokhorov大约在该工作中分享了1964年诺贝尔奖。可以简单地将激光视为MASER，它可以在紫外线或可见光光谱中与较高的频率光子一起使用，而Maser在微波频率上工作。两种系统都依赖于通过光子或与其他物种碰撞将激发能级种群刺激到较低能级的化学物种。除了进入系统的原始光子外，光子然后由原子或分子发射。进入系统的光子刺激了相同频率的进一步光子的发射，这意味着产生了强的单色辐射光束。最初，激光被视为寻找应用程序的好主意。它们是少量制造的，在某一时刻，美国政府颁布了每个激光都应以军事和安全目的的数量盖章 - 当市场潜力显而易见时，这种想法很快就失去了吸引力。如今，激光已成为数十亿美元，并且已经进入了从DVD播放器到激光眼科手术的行业领域的应用。另一方面，MASER仅在非常专业的应用中，例如原子钟和射频望远镜中的放大器。 Masers负责Voyager航天器发送的太阳系的惊人图像。那么，为什么没有广泛应用MASER呢？有两个关键原因。首先需要低温温度，这意味着使用低温液体或特殊的冰箱。其次，它们需要高磁场，这意味着使用需要高功率的笨重磁铁，通常用水冷却，如果是电磁体或氦气，如果是超导磁铁。这项研究旨在产生将在室温和地球磁场上运行的maser。当然，这是一个极其雄心勃勃的项目，但它是在项目中将使用的一些材料中的研究中证实的，这些材料是非常高的Q谐振器。该小组已经在高Q谐振器上进行了几年的工作，现在看来，可以使用高Q谐振器和相当低的功率进行固态Maser。我们最初的侦察实验表明，确实有可能在脉冲模式下在室温和地球场上实现MASING。将要进行的研究将探索将小型生效的新材料，并需要非常低的功率才能达到MASING所需的阈值。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Intercalated vs Nonintercalated Morphologies in Donor-Acceptor Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: PBTTT:Fullerene Charge Generation and Recombination Revisited.

供体-受体体异质结太阳能电池中的插层与非插层形态：PBTTT：富勒烯电荷产生和重组重新审视

DOI：
10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01571
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
The journal of physical chemistry letters
影响因子：
0
作者：
Collado-Fregoso;Shoaee;Schroeder;Mcculloch;Kassal;Durrant
通讯作者：
Durrant

Implicit and explicit host effects on excitons in pentacene derivatives

DOI：
10.1063/1.5017285
发表时间：
2018-03-14
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Charlton, R. J.;Fogarty, R. M.;Haynes, P. D.
通讯作者：
Haynes, P. D.

Increased Exciton Dipole Moment Translates into Charge-Transfer Excitons in Thiophene-Fluorinated Low-Bandgap Polymers for Organic Photovoltaic Applications

DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02948
发表时间：
2015-12-08
期刊：
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Collado-Fregoso, Elisa;Boufflet, Pierre;Heeney, Martin
通讯作者：
Heeney, Martin

Enhanced magnetic Purcell effect in room-temperature masers.

DOI：
10.1038/ncomms7215
发表时间：
2015-02-20
期刊：
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Breeze, Jonathan;Tan, Ke-Jie;Richards, Benjamin;Sathian, Juna;Oxborrow, Mark;Alford, Neil McN
通讯作者：
Alford, Neil McN

Room-temperature cavity quantum electrodynamics with strongly coupled Dicke states