Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrids for Transport Energy Storage

用于运输储能的电池/超级电容器混合动力

• 批准号: EP/I02123X/1
• 负责人: Stephen Fletcher
• 金额: $ 48.27万
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI02123X%2F1
• 关键词: Battery; Supercapacitor; Hybrids; Transport; Energy

This proposal seeks a step change in our current knowledge as it pertains to energy storage for the transport sector. As is well known, the transport sector accounts for a quarter of all UK CO2 emissions. Diminishing that burden means improving the way that we build and power vehicles, and also compels us to convert to electrified systems. The final form of an ideal electric vehicle is impossible to predict, but it could well be a hybrid, a plug-in hybrid, or some form of hydrogen powered system.Regardless of the final engineering design, there is a growing conviction among scientists that the best prospect for long-term energy security will emerge from the matrix of possibilities connected with the storage and utlization of energy as electrochemical potential. Indeed, the idea of creating artificial systems to exploit electrochemical potential crops up every time there is an escalation in the price of oil. In our view this is the only possible method of ending the present era of profligate fossil fuel consumption, other than adopting nuclear power on an unprecedented scale. This is a global problem that grows more important on a daily basis, and it will soon become the dominant scientific issue in the world.Artificial methods of storing and/or generating electrochemical potential energy include batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and electrolysis cells. Natural methods of exploiting electrochemical potential include biomass reactors and photosystem II (i.e. photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria). Almost incredibly, however, there is a dearth of general theory underpinning the transport and storage of electrical charge in all of these stystems, and there is no known method of optimizing the use of such systems on a local or global scale. Accordingly, in the current proposal, we seek to develop such theory independent of microscopic choices of materials and devices. We also intend to explore and develop hybrid battery/supercapacitor technologies suitable for electric vehicle use. Ultimately, we envision a hybrid battery/supercapacitor design that is cost-effective, safe, and scalable. At the same time, the requisite skills in both science and engineering will be passed along to a new generation of researchers.The proposed project involves the co-operation of the disciplines of Chemistry and Automotive Engineering. Under Chemistry, the activities will involve the development of room temperature ionic liquids as electrolytes for battery supercapacitor hybrid devices (BSHDs), and the trialling of advanced materials (e.g. PVDF-based polymers, porous carbons) and the development of relevant manufacturing methodologies (e.g. screen printing). In addition, the bench-scale testing of BSHD's by electrochemists will be used as part of a factorial design of materials to optimize various battery/supercapacitor designs ahead of scale-up. The BSHD technology coming from Chemistry will then form the basis of research in the Engineering laboratory. From the automotive engineering point of view, the use of BSHDs offers the advantages of batteries, which are relatively high energy density, with the advantages of supercapacitors, which are relatively high power density. We envision that these mutual advantages will be obtainable without any increase in the complexity of the vehicle control system that today accompanies the dual use of battery packs and supercapacitor packs. Finally, a combination of vehicle and BSHD modelling will enable a quantitative evaluation of the vehicle benefits of the BSHD technology. The results will validate the models and increase confidence in the results obtained therefrom.

该提案寻求对我们当前有关交通运输部门储能的知识进行重大改变。众所周知，交通运输部门的二氧化碳排放量占英国全部二氧化碳排放量的四分之一。减轻这种负担意味着改进我们制造和驱动车辆的方式，并迫使我们转向电气化系统。理想电动汽车的最终形式无法预测，但它很可能是混合动力、插电式混合动力或某种形式的氢动力系统。无论最终的工程设计如何，科学家们越来越相信：长期能源安全的最佳前景将来自与电化学势等能源储存和利用相关的可能性矩阵。事实上，每当石油价格上涨时，就会出现创建人工系统来利用电化学潜力的想法。我们认为，除了以前所未有的规模采用核电之外，这是结束当前化石燃料消费挥霍时代的唯一可能方法。这是一个日益重要的全球性问题，它将很快成为世界上的主导科学问题。存储和/或产生电化学势能的人工方法包括电池、燃料电池、超级电容器和电解池。利用电化学势的自然方法包括生物质反应器和光系统 II（即植物和蓝藻的光合作用）。然而，几乎令人难以置信的是，在所有这些系统中都缺乏支持电荷传输和存储的一般理论，并且没有已知的方法可以在局部或全球范围内优化此类系统的使用。因此，在当前的提案中，我们寻求发展这种独立于材料和设备的微观选择的理论。我们还打算探索和开发适合电动汽车使用的混合电池/超级电容器技术。最终，我们设想了一种经济高效、安全且可扩展的混合电池/超级电容器设计。同时，科学和工程方面的必要技能将传授给新一代研究人员。拟议项目涉及化学和汽车工程学科的合作。化学领域的活动将涉及开发室温离子液体作为电池超级电容器混合设备（BSHD）的电解质，以及先进材料（例如基于PVDF的聚合物、多孔碳）的试验以及相关制造方法的开发（例如丝网印刷）。此外，电化学家对 BSHD 的实验室规模测试将用作材料因子设计的一部分，以在扩大规模之前优化各种电池/超级电容器设计。来自化学的 BSHD 技术将构成工程实验室的研究基础。从汽车工程的角度来看，BSHD的使用既具有电池能量密度相对较高的优点，又具有超级电容器功率密度相对较高的优点。我们预计，这些共同的优势将在不增加当今伴随着电池组和超级电容器组双重使用的车辆控制系统的复杂性的情况下实现。最后，车辆和 BSHD 建模的结合将能够对 BSHD 技术的车辆优势进行定量评估。结果将验证模型并增加由此获得的结果的可信度。

项目成果

Quantum design of ionic liquids for extreme chemical inertness and a new theory of the glass transition

极端化学惰性的离子液体的量子设计和玻璃化转变的新理论

• DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1974-2
• 发表时间: 2013-01-03
• 期刊: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: S. Fletcher;V. J. Black;I. Kirkpatrick;Thomas S. Varley
• 通讯作者: Thomas S. Varley

A universal equivalent circuit for carbon-based supercapacitors

碳基超级电容器的通用等效电路

• DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2328-4
• 发表时间: 2014-05-01
• 期刊: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: S. Fletcher;V. J. Black;I. Kirkpatrick
• 通讯作者: I. Kirkpatrick