NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF AROUSAL AND EMOTION

唤醒和情绪的神经基础

• 批准号: 3374859
• 负责人: BARRY L JACOBS
• 金额: $ 19.1万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1976
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1976-06-01 至 1991-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3374859
• 关键词: amphetamines; arousal; behavioral medicine; chlordiazepoxide; conditioning; dorsal raphe nucleus; electrophysiology; emotions; environmental stressor; experimental brain lesion; microelectrodes; motivation; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurochemistry; neurons; neurophysiology; neuropsychology; neurotransmitters; norepinephrine; opiate alkaloid; psychobiology; psychopharmacology; psychotomimetic drug; sensorimotor system; serotonin; sleep; synapses

"Stress" is known to be a contributing factor in the development of psychopathology, and thus is of interest from a mental health perspective. Brain noradrenergic (NE) and serotonergic (5HT) neurons have been implicated strongly in the adaptive behavioral and physiological response of mammalian organisms to various behavioral/environmental and physiological/internal challenges. This involvement appears to be bidirectional in that these neurons facilitate the global organismic response to these challenges and, in turn, are influenced by them. The present experiments seek to extend this line of investigation to a more precise degree by examining these relationships at the single unit level. Our approach is unique in that the activity of brain NE and 5HT neurons will be studied in behaving animals, and, in addition, in conjunction with various peripheral physiological indices. A series of experiments employing behavioral or physiological challenges are proposed, with the following aims. 1) An integration of behavioral and peripheral physiological studies of NE and 5HT neurons. 2) A comparison of the response of NE and 5HT neurons. 3) Relating changes in NE and 5HT unit activity to activation of the pituitary-adrenal vs. sympathetic nervous system. 4) A direct analysis of the relationship of changes in NE and 5HT unit activity to changes in the cardiovascular system. 5) A comparison of the effect of internal (visceral) and external (somatic) challenges. 6) A comparison of the importance of behavioral arousal and physiological challenge. 7) A comparison of arousal and noxious arousal. 8) Involvement of endogenous opioids in the response of 5HT and NE neurons to various challenges. 9) How changes in NE and 5HT unit activity are manifested functionally (masseteric reflex). These studies are of direct relevance to the N.I.M.H. because of the involvement of brain NE and 5HT neurons in arousal and emotionality, and more generally, because of the role of stress in the etiology of various forms of psychopathology.

已知“压力”是发展的因素 从心理健康的角度来看，心理病理学，因此是感兴趣的。 脑去甲肾上腺素能（NE）和血清素能（5HT）神经元已经 与自适应行为和生理反应有着强烈的影响 各种行为/环境的哺乳动物生物 生理/内部挑战。 这种参与似乎是 双向性神经元促进了全球有机体 对这些挑战的反应，反过来受到它们的影响。 这 目前的实验旨在将此调查扩展到更多 通过在单个单位级别检查这些关系来精确度。 我们的方法是独特的，因为脑NE和5HT神经元的活性 将在行为动物中进行研究，此外， 各种外围生理指标。 一系列实验 提出了采用行为或生理挑战的 以下目标。 1）行为和外围的整合 NE和5HT神经元的生理研究。 2）比较 NE和5HT神经元的反应。 3）与NE和5HT单元的变化有关 激活垂体 - 肾上腺与交感神经的活性 系统。 4）直接分析NE和5HT变化的关系 对心血管系统变化的单位活动。 5）比较 内部（内脏）和外部（躯体）挑战的影响。 6）a 比较行为唤醒和生理的重要性 挑战。 7）唤醒和有害唤醒的比较。 8）参与 5HT和NE神经元反应中内源性阿片类药物对各种 挑战。 9）如何表现NE和5HT单位活动的变化 在功能上（aset骨反射）。 这些研究与N.I.M.H.具有直接相关性因为 脑NE和5HT神经元参与唤醒和情感，以及 更普遍地，由于压力在各种病因中的作用 心理病理学的形式。