BIODEGRADATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

挥发性有机化合物的生物降解

• 批准号: 3898048
• 负责人: JAMES M TIEDJE
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3898048
• 关键词: Methanobacteriaceae; Pseudomonas; bacterial genetics; biotechnology; biotransformation; environmental contamination; environmental engineering; genetic manipulation; genetic strain; halohydrocarbon; microorganism metabolism; molecular cloning; nitrification; nonwater solvent; organic chemicals; soil microbiology; toxin metabolism; vapor; waste treatment; water pollution; water treatment

The diverse microbial ecology in nature provides considerable variation in pathways of microbial degradation of hazardous wastes. This variation is not understood to the degree needed for design of biological remediation programs for contaminated environments (sites). An example of critical variations is the change in microbial populations and metabolism with change in environmental redox conditions. Some species thrive in very limited environments, such as methanogens, who can not tolerate the presence of molecular oxygen and generally are out competed by many other anaerobic species. Different species are capable of mediating different and some similar natural chemical and biological reactions. Although research examining these natural reactions has been proceeding for several decades, little is known about the response of microorganisms to the relatively recent anthropogenic compounds. This proposal addresses this issue. The two major goals of the proposed research are 1) to increase understanding of the possible degradation pathways of solvents in environments conducive to actual implementation, such as denitrifying and methanogenic, and 2) to develop microbial systems that exhibit enhanced degradative ability. In order to achieve the first goal, two related projects will examine the ecology of denitrifiers and methanogens as it relates to the degradation of solvents. Denitrifiers are capable of degrading compounds such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride. However, little is known about the mechanism; information which is critical to the application of denitrifiers to solving hazardous waste problems, Methanogens also have the capability to dechlorinate halogenated solvents. Knowledge about the mechanism of dechlorination, its dependence on primary substrate and on organism species is required for understanding the fats of these compounds in the environment and for designing remediation schemes. The second goal will be achieved when development of bacterial strains capable of complete destruction of pollutants are available and able to thrive in engineered systems. One project proposed here will attempt to include genetic material which defines solvent degradative ability in a particular microorganism (Pseudomonas sp. PK01). Sources of genetic material include the denitrifiers and methanogens described in the previous projects. The enhanced bacteria developed will be tested in laboratory-scale engineered systems for its ability and to measure its degradation rate.

自然界中微生物生态的多样性提供了相当大的变化 危险废物的微生物降解途径。这种变化 没有达到生物设计所需的程度 受污染环境（场所）的修复计划。一个例子 关键的变化是微生物种群和新陈代谢的变化 随着环境氧化还原条件的变化。有些物种在其中茁壮成长 非常有限的环境，例如产甲烷菌，他们不能忍受 分子氧的存在，通常会受到许多其他分子氧的竞争 厌氧物种。不同的物种能够介导不同的 以及一些类似的自然化学和生物反应。虽然 检查这些自然反应的研究一直在进行 几十年来，人们对微生物的反应知之甚少。 相对较新的人为化合物。该提案解决了 这个问题。 拟议研究的两个主要目标是 1） 了解溶剂可能的降解途径 有利于实际实施的环境，例如反硝化和 产甲烷，2) 开发表现出增强的微生物系统 退化能力。为了实现第一个目标，两个相关的 项目将研究反硝化菌和产甲烷菌的生态学 与溶剂的降解有关。反硝化剂能够 降解化合物，如苯和四氯化碳。然而， 人们对该机制知之甚少；对以下事项至关重要的信息 应用反硝化剂解决危险废物问题， 产甲烷菌还具有​​脱氯卤化物的能力 溶剂。了解脱氯机理及其依赖性 需要在初级基质和生物物种上 了解环境中这些化合物的脂肪以及 设计修复方案。 当细菌菌株开发时，第二个目标将实现 能够彻底破坏污染物的能力是可用的并且能够 在工程系统中蓬勃发展。这里提出的一个项目将尝试 包括定义溶剂降解能力的遗传物质 特定微生物（假单胞菌 PK01）。遗传来源 材料包括反硝化剂和产甲烷菌 以前的项目。开发的增强细菌将在 实验室规模的工程系统的能力并测量其 降解率。