Hydrogen and carbon dioxide biochemistry in the bacterial energy-transducing membrane.

细菌能量转换膜中的氢气和二氧化碳生物化学。

• 批准号: BB/Y004302/1
• 负责人: Frank Sargent
• 金额: $ 55.23万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FY004302%2F1
• 关键词: Hydrogen; carbon; dioxide; biochemistry; bacterial

Developing renewable energy sources and reducing carbon dioxide emissions will require a basket of different solutions. Biology offers some good options. Microbiology offers some really exciting ones. Microscopic, single-celled bacteria are used to living in extreme environments and often perform (bio)chemical reactions that plants and animals cannot do. Many bacteria retain the ability to grow in the complete absence of oxygen. Under such conditions a special enzyme called formate hydrogenlyase is produced in the cell. This enzyme oxidises formate to carbon dioxide and two electrons, and those two electrons are channeled down a molecular wire in the protein and used directly to generate hydrogen gas (H2). Formate hydrogenlyase are attached to the cell surface when they do H2 production and, somehow, they use this activity to transport other hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane, which can be used to make ATP for cellular energy. On the face of it, formate hydrogenlyases must use the same mechanism to do this that is also found in the human mitochondrion (making ATP for the human cell). It should be easier and quicker to study this mechanism in bacteria and therefore make new discoveries about the fundamental rules of life.What about societal impact and benefit? Most enzymes in the world are reversible. The reverse reaction of formate hydrogenase would be to take H2 and carbon dioxide and generate formic acid. Thus, running formate hydrogenlyase in reverse should allow a bacterium to use hydrogen as a substrate to capture carbon dioxide as soluble formic acid. Using renewable H2 would be even better, as this would make this form of biological carbon capture really sustainable and useful to society. Harnessing this enzyme activity - either within cells as a "whole cell biocatalyst" or outside cells as an isolated protein - has the potential to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions from a whole range of sources, and to convert that CO2 waste into more useful products.

开发可再生能源并减少二氧化碳排放将需要一篮子不同的解决方案。生物学提供了一些不错的选择。微生物学提供了一些非常令人兴奋的方法。微观的单细胞细菌用于生活在极端环境中，并且经常执行动植物无法做到的（BIO）化学反应。许多细菌保留在完全没有氧气的情况下生长的能力。在这种情况下，在细胞中产生了一种称为甲酸氢化酶的特殊酶。这种酶氧化甲酸甲酸二氧化碳和两个电子，并将这两个电子引导下蛋白质中的分子线，直接用于产生氢气（H2）。当甲酸盐产生H2时，甲酸氢酶会附着在细胞表面上，并且以某种方式使用该活性将其他氢离子（质子）运输到整个膜上，可用于使ATP用于细胞能量。从表面上看，甲酸盐氢化酶必须使用相同的机制来做到这一点，该机制也可以在人类线粒体（为人类细胞的ATP）中找到。在细菌中研究这种机制应该更容易，更快，因此对生活的基本规则进行了新的发现。社会影响和利益是什么？世界上大多数酶都是可逆的。甲酸盐氢酶的反应是服用H2和二氧化碳并产生甲酸。因此，在反向中运行甲状腺磷酸酶应允许细菌用氢作为底物捕获二氧化碳作为可溶性甲酸。使用可再生的H2会更好，因为这将使这种生物碳捕获形式真正可持续且对社会有用。利用这种酶活性 - 在细胞内作为“全细胞生物催化剂”或外部​​细胞作为孤立的蛋白质 - 有可能帮助减少从整个来源的二氧化碳排放量，并将该二氧化碳废物转化为更有用的产品。