Canada_IPAP: Impact of alternative nutrition management on AMR burden, transmission and trends in dairy cattle.

Canada_IPAP：替代营养管理对奶牛 AMR 负担、传播和趋势的影响。

• 批准号: BB/X012794/1
• 负责人: Linda Boniface Oyama
• 金额: $ 19.23万
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX012794%2F1
• 关键词: Canada_IPAP; Impact; alternative; nutrition; management

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to resist antimicrobial treatments. It is an urgent global public health threat with a direct impact on human and animal health. AMR carries a heavy economic burden due to higher costs of treatments and reduced productivity caused by sickness. Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are the main drivers in the development of drug-resistant pathogens, including in livestock production. In dairy cattle, antibiotics important in treating pathogens in humans such as penicillin, cephalosporin and tetracycline are also used extensively to treat mastitis.Furthermore, AMR associated bacteria in livestock can be shed and disseminated to humans via direct contact, or through contact with the environment such as soil, water and faecal material, or through cross-contamination during food processing through a process known as horizontal gene transfer. Recent research has shown that diet has important effects on the presence and types of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) present in dairy cows. The shedding and dissemination of ARGs by dairy cows has also been attributed to stress response of gastrointestinal tract microorganisms in relation to diet, and infection by harmful bacteria. This is an important finding as feeding management and dietary change are crucial for metabolic adaptation especially in the transition dairy cows. The transition period in dairy cows is the time between 3 weeks before calving to 3 weeks after calving. This period is critical for the health, fertility, and productivity of dairy cows as cows go through drastic metabolic and changes which render them extremely vulnerable to diseases. Therefore, their diet and energy intake during this period is important to boost their immunity and prevent high incidences of infectious diseases which may lead to increased antibiotic use and thus increased resistance.It is clear that nutritional changes provide the largest opportunities for improving health, reducing antibiotic usage and reducing AMR in dairy cattle. And so, to ameliorate the problem of AMR whilst bosting animal health, the use of non-antibiotic feed supplementation is gaining traction in the dairy industry. However, the impact of these feed supplements on AMR burden and spread of is largely unknown. This emphasises the importance of fundamental research into how feed supplementation contributes to not only animal health and immunity but to AMR burden and transmission, specifically in the dairy industry, currently worth £4.4bn in market prices.Therefore, in this study, we will investigate potential of using milk permeate as a feed supplement in transition dairy cows to improve animal health while assessing the effect this will have on the AMR burden of dairy.Milk permeate, is a major by-product of milk processing for cheese and yogurt production Its dried is sometimes used to replace starches in dairy cow diets. However, the use of this product has been limited due to the cost associated with drying and transport and as such, there is always an oversupply of milk permeate. For example, >1M and 30M litres of milk was dumped in the UK and Canada respectively in 2020.We aim to assess the potential of using surplus milk permeate (in its liquid form), which would otherwise be dumped, as feed supplements to improve immunity and health for transition dairy cow. This allows us address of creating a circular economy. We will also address the gaps in knowledge regarding dietary change and feeding management using milk permeate and the corresponding effect on the presence and transmission of ARGs during the transition period of dairy cows.

抗菌耐药性（AMR）是微生物抵抗抗菌治疗的能力。这是一个紧迫的全球公共卫生威胁，直接影响人类和动物健康。由于较高的治疗成本和疾病导致的生产率降低，AMR承担了沉重的经济负担。滥用和过度使用抗菌剂是耐药病原体（包括牲畜生产）开发的主要驱动因素。在奶牛中，在治疗人类（例如青霉素，头孢菌素和四环素）中重要的抗生素也很广泛用于治疗乳腺炎。Furthermore，AMR相关的细菌可以通过直接接触人类，或通过与环境接触，或通过与土壤的物质接触，或通过与土壤的物质接触，或者通过与土壤的物质接触，或通过与土壤的物质接触，或通过与土壤进行杂货，或者通过土壤，水，水，水，或者通过土壤，水，水，水和水的物质进行分散水平基因转移。最近的研究表明，饮食对奶牛中存在的抗菌耐药基因（ARGS）的存在和类型具有重要影响。奶牛对ARG的脱落和传播也归因于胃肠道微生物与饮食有关的压力反应，以及有害细菌感染。这是一个重要的发现，因为进食管理和饮食变化对于代谢适应至关重要，尤其是在过渡奶牛中。奶牛的过渡期是产犊至产犊后3周之间的3周之间的时间。随着奶牛经历巨大的代谢和变化，这一时期对于奶牛的健康，生育和生产力至关重要，这使它们极易受到疾病的影响。因此，在此期间，他们的饮食和能量摄入量对于增强其免疫学并防止高度灌溉感染性疾病，这可能导致抗生素使用增加，从而提高抗药性。很明显，营养变化为改善健康提供了最大的机会，减少抗生素用途并减少乳制品牛的AMR。因此，为了改善AMR的问题，同时巩固了动物健康的使用，补充非抗生素饲料的使用正在吸引乳制品行业。但是，这些饲料补充剂对AMR负担和传播的影响在很大程度上是未知的。这种强调基本研究对补充饲料的重要性不仅有助于动物健康和免疫学的贡献，而且对AMR伯恩和传播，尤其是在乳制品行业中，目前价值44亿英镑的市场价格。因此，在这项研究中，我们将调查使用牛奶渗透的潜力，以改善牛奶的饲料来改善动物健康，以改善这种效果。渗透性是用于奶酪和酸奶产量的牛奶加工的主要副产品，其干燥有时用于替代奶牛饮食中的恒星。但是，由于与干燥和运输相关的成本，该产品的使用受到限制，因此，总有过度供应的牛奶渗透。例如，2020年在英国和加拿大分别倾倒了> 1m和30m升的牛奶。我们旨在评估使用剩余牛奶渗透的潜力（以其液体形式），否则将被倾倒，作为饲料补充剂，以改善过渡性奶牛的免疫力和健康状况。这使我们解决了创造循环经济的问题。我们还将利用牛奶渗透到有关饮食变化和喂养管理方面的知识差距以及对奶牛过渡期间ARG的存在和传播的相应影响。