Combining late blight resistance and better tuber quality with resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) to improve Maris Piper potato

将晚疫病抗性和更好的块茎品质与马铃薯 Y 病毒 (PVY) 抗性相结合，以改良 Maris Piper 马铃薯

• 批准号: BB/W017903/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Jones
• 金额: $ 52.66万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW017903%2F1
• 关键词: Combining; late; blight; resistance; better

The potato crop is susceptible to many diseases and pests, notably late blight (LB) caused by Phytophthora infestans. This disease causes at least $6B in losses worldwide every year, costs £50M per year in the UK and led to the Irish potato famine in the 1840s.Potato tubers are also prone to problems. Storage in cool conditions elevates levels of reducing sugars, and after high temperature cooking such as frying or roasting, these sugars can be converted into toxic acrylamide. Potato tubers are damaged by bruising if dropped or crushed, resulting in discolouration by an enzyme reaction, leading to significant food wastage. Tubers can also be lost to tuber blight in storage.Finally, potato virus Y can result in severe yield losses or rejection of seed potato tubers, imposing an additional burden and expense on the potato industry.We cloned three very effective LB Resistance genes called Rpi-vnt1, Rpi-amr3 and Rpi-amr1 and have shown that when deployed together in GM potato, they confer complete resistance in the field to all currently circulating LB races. This should provide a durable solution to the late blight problem in the UK.We also obtained commercially deployed and validated genes from the American potato company Simplot Inc that reduce levels of the enzymes that elevate reducing sugars and that mediate the discolouration upon bruising, thus alleviating the problem. In a currently running grant, we introduced the 3 Rpi genes and the tuber quality traits, into UK-favoured variety Maris Piper (MP), using Agrobacterium, creating PiperPlus 1.0. However, all lines that we generated are susceptible to PVY, greatly impairing our capacity to bulk them up for more extensive field trials. PVY is aphid transmitted, and difficult to control, especially as insecticides used to control PVY-transmitting aphids are being increasingly restricted, and global warming means that aphids and PVY are an increasing problem for seed potato production in Scotland. Also, Scotland is still opposed to planting GM crops, meaning that seed potato production outside of Scotland will be needed.With colleagues, we cloned an extremely effective PVY resistance gene, Ry-sto. We aim in this project to combine PVY resistance with the LB resistance and tuber quality traits of PiperPlus 1.0, to create PiperPlus 2.0. We have made a DNA construct to introduce all traits together on one T-DNA via Agrobacterium and are producing transgenic Maris Piper lines using the GM method. We expect to be able to field-trial ~20 PiperPlus 2.0 candidate lines in Norwich in summer 2022, and another ~20 in summer 2023. We can easily identify lines in which Ry and all 3 Rpi genes are expressed and we will also select those plant lines with the improved tuber quality traits. The best lines from batch 1 in the Norwich trial in 2022 will be multiplied up for field trials in summer 2023 at NIAB in Cambridge, and the best lines from batch 2 in Norwich 2023 will be multiplied up for NIAB trials summer 2024, to select the best performing PiperPlus 2.0 lines that will be indistinguishable from normal Maris Piper, except that they will be LB resistant, PVY resistant and have the improved tuber quality traits. These lines will also be evaluated to verify comparable yield to that of normal Maris Piper, and to ensure that use of the GM method has not resulted in acquisition of any deleterious traits, such as elevated production of steroidal glycoalkaloids. We will also define exactly where in the potato genome the DNA that we added has inserted, and that the final selected PiperPlus 2.0 line carries a simple, single copy insertion event.The project will thus enable us to make by 2024 a commercially viable line with these added traits, and we anticipate that by 2024 changes in the regulatory framework will enable this improved line to be approved for commercial production and public consumption.

每年在全球范围内，马铃薯作物容易受到全球损失的损失，在英国损失了5000万英镑，并导致1840年的爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。 h作为油炸或烘烤，这些糖可以转化为有毒的丙烯酰胺，如果掉落或粉碎，则会损坏瘀伤，从而导致大量食物浪费。在马铃薯行业上的额外负担和费用。我们非常非常LB的电阻基因，称为RPI-VNT1 N一起部署在GM马铃薯中，它们在现场赋予了所有当前循环的LB种族。我们在英国的枯萎病问题。我们还从美国马铃薯公司Simplot Inc的商业部署和验证了基因，这些基因降低了促进减少糖的酶的水平，并在瘀伤时介导了变色，从而减轻了当前运行的赠款。 ，我们将3种RPI基因和块茎质量特征引入了英国最喜欢的品种，是Piper（MP），使用农业，创建Piperplus 1.0。对于更广泛的野外试验，Y越来越多地限制了用于控制PVY的蚜虫的昆虫，这是苏格兰的越来越多的地马铃薯生产的问题。克隆了一个极有效的PVY抗性基因，我们的目标是与Piperplus 1.0的LB电阻和块茎质量特征相结合。通过GM方法，通过Via Via Via Via Via Via通过GM方法进行转基因Maris Piper线路。表达了，我们还将在2023年夏季在剑桥的NIAM进行现场试验的那些植物。除了耐LB的耐药性，还将评估这些线的冠状特征。在马铃薯基因组中，插入S的DNA使我们能够在2024年之前与添加特征一起商业可行的路线，我们预计到2024年，监管框架的变化将会变化，这将使改进的线路能够改善对