GENETICS OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN DROSOPHILA

果蝇杀虫剂抗性遗传学

• 批准号: 3283134
• 负责人: Thomas G. Wilson
• 金额: $ 1.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-04-01 至 1988-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3283134
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; alleles; autosomal recessive trait; chlorohydrocarbon insecticide; enzyme mechanism; gene complementation; gene frequency; gene mutation; genetic manipulation; genetic mapping; insecticide resistance; juvenile hormones; mutagen testing; nucleic acid hybridization; point mutation; scintillation counter; temperature sensitive mutant; thin layer chromatography; toxin metabolism

A predictable response of an insect population to insedticidal pressure is resistance development. Although the physiological mechanisms responsible for insect resistance to insecticides are fairly well understood, relatively little is known about the genetic changes which bring about resistance. The proposed research will investigate the spectrum of genetic changes which can occur in Drosophila melanogaster to confer resistance to lethal application does of either of two compounds. The compounds chosen are juvenile hormone III, a naturally occurring insect hormone, and methoprene, an insecticide which chemically and biologically mimics juvenile hormone; both are lethal to Drosophila when applied in nanogram levels. Several types of genetic changes resulting in resistance will be examined. Point mutants will be induced with a mutagen and those resistant to toxic levels of either compound will be selected. The responsible loci will be characterized and mapped. In parrallel experiments, two Drosophila populations will be subjected to sublethal doses of either of these compounds in order to select for resistant strains for 30-50 generations. One population will be isogenic susceptible wild-type strain, and the other will be an interstrain cross which will result in hybrid dysgenesis in progeny populations. Loci responsible for resistance will be characterized, mapped, and compared to those derived from the mutagenesis screen. Finally, the mechanism of resistance (changes in penetration, metabolism, or excretion of the toxic compound) will be determined in a representative mutant of each locus by application of radiolabelled juvenile hormone III or methoprene. The results of this work will be important for understanding the types (point, spontaneous, dysgenic), genomic location, and relative frequency of mutations responsible for resistance development.

昆虫种群对杀虫压力的可预测反应是 抵抗力的发展。 尽管生理机制负责 因为昆虫对杀虫剂的抗性已被充分了解， 对于导致这些变化的基因变化知之甚少 反抗。 拟议的研究将调查遗传谱 果蝇中可能发生的变化以赋予抗性 两种化合物中任何一种的致命应用。 所选化合物 保幼激素 III，一种天然存在的昆虫激素，以及 甲虫酯，一种化学和生物模拟的杀虫剂 保幼激素；当以纳克级施用时，两者均对果蝇致命 水平。 导致耐药性的几种类型的基因变化将被 检查了。 点突变体将用诱变剂诱导，而那些具有抗性 将选择任一化合物的毒性水平。 责任位点 将被表征和映射。 在平行实验中，两只果蝇 人群将受到以下任一剂量的亚致死剂量的影响 化合物，以选择 30-50 代的抗性菌株。 一个群体是同基因易感野生型菌株，另一个群体是同基因易感野生株 将是种间杂交，这将导致杂种发育不全 后代种群。 负责抵抗的基因座将是 表征、绘制图谱并与诱变衍生的结果进行比较 屏幕。 最后，阻力机制（渗透力的变化， 代谢或有毒化合物的排泄）将在 通过应用放射性标记获得每个位点的代表性突变体 保幼激素 III 或甲氧普林。 这项工作的结果将是 对于理解类型（点型、自发型、不良型）很重要， 基因组位置和突变的相对频率 抵抗力的发展。