Shapeshifting: how is plant ER architecture manipulated by pathogen effectors?

变形：病原体效应子如何操纵植物内质网结构？

• 批准号: BB/W007126/1
• 负责人: Lorenzo Frigerio
• 金额: $ 67.07万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW007126%2F1
• 关键词: Shapeshifting; how; plant; ER; architecture

The world population is predicted to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, compared to today's 7.9 billion. More food needs to be produced from ever-dwindling natural resources with the additional challenges arising from climate change. The UK imports 45% of all its food and so future food security is both a global and a national issue that needs urgently addressing. One key approach is to reduce waste in the food chain. Between 17-30% of global crops are lost to pests and disease both pre- and post-harvest. The big challenge is therefore to breed crops with enhanced tolerance to plant pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms) but, crucially, without adversely compromising yield.The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major protein and lipid factory present in every plant cell. It forms a mesh-like network of membrane tubules and sheets, which extends throughout the cell and between nearby cells and is constantly reshaping and reorganising to meet the cells' changing demand for proteins. We have recently discovered that when a harmful bacterial pathogen infects plant leaves, it causes a dramatic and rapid reorganisation of the plant ER, which seems to weaken the ER's capacity to participate in the cellular defence and therefore helps the pathogen invade. Our project will establish precisely how particular molecules produced by the pathogen, called 'effectors', remodel the ER architecture, and which specific effectors participate in this process. We aim to use this information, together with a toolkit of ER-shaping proteins that we have produced and studied over the last 10 years, in order to re-engineer the plant's ER into a bespoke form that is better suited to withstand pathogen attack. Success will represent a substantial impact on reducing crop losses and thus increasing our food security.

预计到2050年，世界人口预计将达到97亿，而当今的79亿则人口将达到97亿。由于气候变化带来的其他挑战，需要从持续的自然资源中产生更多的食物。英国进口了所有食品的45％，因此未来的粮食安全既是全球和国家问题，需要紧急解决。一种关键方法是减少食物链中的废物。 17-30％的全球作物因害虫和收获后的疾病而丢失。因此，最大的挑战是繁殖对植物病原体的耐受性增强的农作物（引起疾病的微生物），但至关重要的是，无产量不利。内质网（ER）是每个植物细胞中存在的主要蛋白质和脂质工厂。它形成了一个网状膜小管和板的网络网络，该网络延伸到整个细胞和附近的细胞之间，并不断重塑和重组，以满足细胞对蛋白质不断变化的需求。我们最近发现，当有害细菌病原体感染植物叶时，它会引起植物ER的戏剧性和快速的重组，这似乎削弱了ER参与细胞防御的能力，因此有助于病原体入侵。我们的项目将确切地确定病原体产生的特定分子如何称为“效应子”，重塑ER架构以及哪些特定效应子参与了这一过程。我们的目的是将这些信息以及过去十年来生产和研究的ER成型蛋白的工具包一起使用，以便将植物的ER重新设计为定制形式，该形式更适合于承受病原体攻击。成功将对减少农作物损失并增加我们的粮食安全产生重大影响。

项目成果

The chloroplast plays a central role in facilitating MAMP-Triggered Immunity, pathogen suppression of immunity and crosstalk with abiotic stress.

叶绿体在促进 MAMP 触发的免疫、病原体免疫抑制以及与非生物胁迫的串扰方面发挥着核心作用。

• DOI: 10.22541/au.165407049.94925720/v1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Breen S

Chloroplasts play a central role in facilitating MAMP-triggered immunity, pathogen suppression of immunity and crosstalk with abiotic stress.

• DOI: 10.1111/pce.14408
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 7.3
• 作者: Breen, Susan;Hussain, Rana;Breeze, Emily;Brown, Hannah;Alzwiy, Ibrahim;Abdelsayed, Sara;Gaikwad, Trupti;Grant, Murray
• 通讯作者: Grant, Murray