US-UK Collab: The consequences of transmissible vaccines on disease ecology and pathogen evolution: Marek's disease virus as a case study

美英合作：传染性疫苗对疾病生态学和病原体进化的影响：以马立克氏病病毒为例

• 批准号: BB/V017748/1
• 负责人: Venugopal Nair
• 金额: $ 81.81万
• 依托单位: The Pirbright Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV017748%2F1
• 关键词: US; UK; Collab; consequences; transmissible

Decades of evidence from Human and Veterinary Medicine has undoubtedly demonstrated the important role of vaccination in the control of infectious diseases. Transmissible vaccines, or self-disseminating vaccines, are vaccines capable of transmitting between individuals. Such vaccines, by nature of their ability to disseminate to hosts that were themselves not directly vaccinated, show substantial promise for interventions in wildlife populations, because each administered vaccine has the potential to reach otherwise inaccessible potential hosts. They may also be useful on farmed populations such as fish or chickens where vaccinating every animal will be difficult. Moreover, such vaccines might be capable of persisting in the animal population over time, reducing the urgency to vaccinate every time populations turn over, such as during reproductive seasons or between farm cohorts. However, the effects of such transmissible vaccines on the virus dynamics and evolution of pathogens, as well as potential recombination have not been examined. This project is developed from the findings of the previous EEID grant, where we found that the more efficient Rispens vaccine against Marek's disease is transmissible between birds. So the concept of the investigation is to examine more about the transmission dynamics and protection of transmissible vaccines that spread between birds. As part of the project, we will investigate whether transmissible vaccine can also drive virus evolution to greater virulence and whether such vaccines can contribute to recombination. The key question we will try to answer using controlled experiments in chickens as to whether transmissible vaccines will make things better or worse. So far a number of theoretical studies on transmissible vaccines have not given conclusive answers. We believe that the efficient transmissible vaccine model in Marek's disease will be valuable to examine how the theory and empirical data can be combined to ask what the overall consequences of transmissible vaccines are on disease ecology and evolution.

来自人类和兽医医学的数十年证据无疑证明了疫苗接种在控制传染病中的重要作用。可传播的疫苗或自我隔离的疫苗是能够在个体之间传播的疫苗。这种疫苗本质上可以传播到本身不是直接接种疫苗的宿主的能力，这对野生动植物种群的干预表现出了实质性的希望，因为每种疫苗都有可能达到其他无法接近的潜在宿主。它们也可能对养殖种群（例如鱼类或鸡接种疫苗的养鸡）很有用。此外，这种疫苗可能会随着时间的推移能够持续存在，从而减少每次移植时疫苗接种的紧迫性，例如在生殖季节或农场同伙之间进行疫苗接种。但是，尚未研究这种传播疫苗对病原体动力学和进化的影响以及潜在的重组。该项目是从以前的EEID赠款的发现开发的，我们发现针对Marek疾病的Rispens疫苗更有效。因此，调查的概念是更多地研究有关传播鸟类之间传播疫苗的传播动态和保护。作为该项目的一部分，我们将调查可传染性疫苗是否也可以将病毒进化推向更大的毒力，以及这种疫苗是否可以导致重组。我们将尝试使用鸡的受控实验来回答的关键问题，即传播疫苗是否会使情况变得更好或更糟。到目前为止，许多关于可传染性疫苗的理论研究尚未给出结论性的答案。我们认为，Marek病中有效的可传染性疫苗模型对于研究如何结合使用该理论和经验数据是有价值的，以询问可传染性疫苗对疾病生态学和进化的总体后果。