Marek's disease virus spread: In and out of chickens

马立克氏病病毒传播：鸡内外

• 批准号: BB/I017577/1
• 负责人: Venugopal Nair
• 金额: $ 44.4万
• 依托单位: The Pirbright Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI017577%2F1
• 关键词: Marek; disease; virus; spread; out

Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious virus-induced lymphoma in poultry caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus heavily affecting chicken industry. In spite of the widespread use of live attenuated vaccines during the last 40 years, MD remains a major threat for poultry production with estimated annual economic losses in the range of 1 billion dollars worldwide. In Europe as well as in other countries, MDV has evolved towards a substantially increased virulence observed in more recent strains, thereby threatening the sustainability of the current vaccination strategy. The endemic nature of the disease is clearly linked to the mode of virus transmission and to incomplete protection provided by current vaccines. It is well known that while vaccines protect against the disease, infection and virus shedding are not halted. We hypothesize that the persistence and bird-to-bird transmission of pathogenic strains in vaccinated birds provide the basis for the emergence of very virulent strains. Successful transmission of MDV entails efficient viral shedding from infected birds and the entry of the virus via the respiratory route, in both vaccinated and naïve birds. Improved knowledge about these two essential steps in virus replication is critical to ultimately reduce MDV contamination of the environment and infection of the animals. To date, entry and shedding of MDV in vivo have been poorly studied compared to virus-induced tumourigenesis, host resistance and virulence. Our project aims to study the key elements on the cellular and molecular levels that are involved in virus entry and shedding. The novelty of our project is to focus on differentiated cells, which represent the major target cells infected in vivo and are derived either from the haematopoeitic lineage (macrophages and lymphocytes) or from the skin epithelium.

Marek病（MD）是由Marek病毒病毒（MDV）引起的高度传染性病毒诱导的淋巴瘤，这是一种严重影响鸡肉行业的αHerpahepesvirus。尽管在过去的40年中，尽管使用活衰减疫苗的宽度宽度，但医学博士仍然是Polemy生产的主要威胁，估计在全球范围内，年度经济损失范围为10亿美元。在欧洲和其他国家，MDV已发展为在最近的菌株中观察到的大幅增加的病毒，从而威胁了当前疫苗战略的可持续性。该疾病的内在性质显然与病毒传播方式以及当前疫苗提供的不完全保护有关。众所周知，尽管疫苗可以预防该疾病，但感染和病毒脱落并未停止。我们假设，疫苗接种鸟类中致病菌株的持久性和鸟类向鸟类传播为出现非常病毒菌株的出现提供了基础。成功传播MDV需要从受感染的鸟类中有效的病毒脱落，并通过呼吸道途径（包括疫苗和幼稚的鸟类）通过呼吸道进入病毒。对病毒复制的这两个基本步骤的提高知识对于最终减少动物环境和感染的MDV污染至关重要。迄今为止，与病毒诱导的肿瘤发生，宿主耐药性和病毒相比，MDV在体内的进入和脱落的研究很差。我们的项目旨在研究病毒进入和脱落的细胞和分子水平的关键要素。我们项目的新颖性是专注于分化细胞，该细胞代表了体内感染的主要靶细胞，并源自止血谱系（巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞）或皮肤上皮。

项目成果

Vaccine and oncogenic strains of gallid herpesvirus 2 contain specific subtype variations in the 5' region of the latency-associated transcript that evolve in vitro and in vivo.

鸡疱疹病毒 2 型的疫苗和致癌菌株在体外和体内进化的潜伏相关转录物的 5 区域含有特定的亚型变异。

• DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2248-3
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Archives of virology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Labaille J