Inhibition of Carbon Assimilation by excess Radiation: Understanding maize weak Spot (ICARUS)

过量辐射对碳同化的抑制：了解玉米的弱点（ICARUS）

基本信息

批准号：
BB/T007583/1
负责人：
Johannes Kromdijk
金额：
$ 63.85万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FT007583%2F1
关键词：
Inhibition Carbon Assimilation excess Radiation

项目摘要

Light is both a resource and a potent stress factor for plants. Photosynthesis harnesses energy from the sun to fix carbon dioxide into sugars and the protein building blocks of life, However, leaves routinely receive up to 5 times more light than can be processed via photosynthesis. To avoid damage by too much light, plants have evolved a range of ways to protect themselves. However, light levels are highly dynamic due to shading by other leaves, clouds passing over and changing direction of sunlight. As a result, plants need to be able to adjust very rapidly. Over-protection leads to a loss of photosynthesis and growth, whereas under-protection renders the leaves susceptible to getting damaged. Theoretical predictions indicated that more rapid changes in protection levels might benefit growth and productivity. Indeed, I recently demonstrated that when changes in protection levels are accelerated, this dramatically improves photosynthetic efficiency and productivity under field conditions in a model crop. Theoretical analysis suggests that maize could benefit even more from improving protection against high light and accelerate recovery rates, but we lack understanding to pin-point the specific targets that need improving. Maize is the most dominant crop globally, with a world-wide production volume of 1.09 billion metric tons. Maize is increasingly being grown in temperate regions and in the UK is a popular crop for animal fodder and for use in anaerobic digesters to provide bioenergy, with a total production area of 195.000 ha in 2017. Intriguingly, maize seems to have a difficult time protecting itself against too much light. Light-inflicted damage strongly limits productivity of maize, especially during bright cool days in early season, when plants can often look yellow and stunted, but also under very hot or dry conditions. Improving the protection level and adjustment rate in maize is predicted to improve productivity by up to 30%, and would hold great economic value, especially for agriculture in temperate climates such as the UK. The reasons for the sensitivity to damage by light and slow adjustment in maize are unclear. Maize photosynthesis utilizes a biochemical pump to concentrate carbon dioxide, the substrate for photosynthesis, in specialized bundle sheath cells. This so-called C4 pathway increases the efficiency of photosynthesis, but also makes photosynthetic limitations more difficult to study than in plants with conventional photosynthesis. At the photosystem level, we don't know which photosynthetic complex is most vulnerable, and at the cellular level, we don't know which of the two photosynthetic cell types is most easily inhibited. The aim of this project is therefore to identify the weaknesses in maize photosynthesis leading to its vulnerability to photoinhibition, using a novel combination of non-invasive measurement techniques. The proposed research programme will focus on: 1) which specific photosynthetic electron transport proteins are the main bottlenecks underlying maize photoinhibition 2) which photosynthetic cell type is most impacted by photoinhibition 2) which light conditions are most likely to give rise to photoinhibition 3) whether the capacity of maize to protect against too much light is insufficientThe results will provide detailed understanding of the weak links in maize photosynthesis in response to too much light and will be synthesized into a priority list of improvements in maize photosynthesis and crop improvement.

光既是植物的资源，也是有效的应力因素。光合作用利用来自太阳的能量，将二氧化碳固定到糖和蛋白质的生命块中，但是，叶子通常收到的光通常比通过光合作用来处理的光多5倍。为了避免过多的光线损坏，植物已经进化了一系列保护自己的方法。但是，由于其他叶子的阴影，云通过并改变阳光的方向，光线水平高度动态。结果，植物需要能够非常迅速的调整。过度保护会导致光合作用和生长的损失，而保护不足则使叶子容易受到损害。理论上的预测表明，保护水平的更快变化可能会受益于增长和生产力。确实，我最近证明，当保护水平的变化加速时，这会显着提高模型作物中现场条件下的光合效率和生产力。理论分析表明，玉米可以通过改善对高光和加速恢复率的保护而受益更多，但我们对需要改进的特定目标缺乏理解。玉米是全球最主要的农作物，全球生产量为10.9亿吨。玉米越来越多地在温带地区生长，在英国是一种流行的动物饲料农作物，用于厌氧消化剂提供生物能源，在2017年，总生产面积为195.000公顷。有趣的是，玉米似乎很难保护自身，以保护自己的光芒过多。造成的损害强烈限制了玉米的生产率，尤其是在早期季节的明亮凉爽时期，植物通常看起来是黄色且发育迟缓，但在非常炎热或干燥的条件下。预计将提高玉米的保护水平和调整率将提高生产率高达30％，并且将具有巨大的经济价值，尤其是对于温带气候中的农业，例如英国。玉米对光线和缓慢调节造成损害的敏感性的原因尚不清楚。玉米光合作用利用生化泵将二氧化碳（用于光合作用的二氧化碳浓缩二氧化碳）在专用的束鞘细胞中。这种所谓的C4途径提高了光合作用的效率，但也使光合限制比具有常规光合作用的植物更难研究。在光系统层面，我们不知道哪种光合复合物最脆弱，在细胞级别，我们不知道两种光合细胞类型中的哪一种最容易抑制。因此，该项目的目的是确定玉米光合作用中的弱点，从而使用非侵入性测量技术的新型组合，从而导致其易受抑制作用。 The proposed research programme will focus on: 1) which specific photosynthetic electron transport proteins are the main bottlenecks underlying maize photoinhibition 2) which photosynthetic cell type is most impacted by photoinhibition 2) which light conditions are most likely to give rise to photoinhibition 3) whether the capacity of maize to protect against too much light is insufficientThe results will provide detailed understanding of the weak links in maize photosynthesis in response to too光线充足，并将合成为玉米光合作用和作物改进的改进的优先列表。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The negative impact of shade on photosynthetic efficiency in sugarcane may reflect a metabolic bottleneck

遮荫对甘蔗光合效率的负面影响可能反映了代谢瓶颈

DOI：
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2023.105351
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Environmental and Experimental Botany
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Sales C
通讯作者：
Sales C

A reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata

DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101232
发表时间：
2021-01-29
期刊：
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Ely, Kim S.;Rogers, Alistair;Yang, Dedi
通讯作者：
Yang, Dedi

Lessons from relatives: C4 photosynthesis enhances CO2 assimilation during the low-light phase of fluctuations.

DOI：
10.1093/plphys/kiad355
发表时间：
2023-09-22
期刊：
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Cubas, Lucia Arce;Sales, Cristina Rodrigues Gabriel;Vath, Richard L.;Bernardo, Emmanuel L.;Burnett, Angela C.;Kromdijk, Johannes
通讯作者：
Kromdijk, Johannes

Improving C4 photosynthesis to increase productivity under optimal and suboptimal conditions.