Natural Pest Regulation on Orphan Crop Legumes in Africa (NaPROCLA)

非洲孤生作物豆类的自然害虫防治 (NaPROCLA)

• 批准号: BB/R020361/1
• 负责人: Philip Stevenson
• 金额: $ 126.1万
• 依托单位: University of Greenwich
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR020361%2F1
• 关键词: Natural; Pest; Regulation; Orphan; Crop

Population growth and associated rising food demands places increasing pressure on global food production, and by 2050 the world will need 60% more food than is available today with pressure on limited land area to produce adequate food sustainably while reducing chemical inputs. Severe pest damage of crops is one of the major challenges to food and nutritional security and disproportionately affects poor farmers and low-input orphan crop grain legumes such as beans, pigeon pea, cowpea and lablab. Pest control is often overlooked on orphan crop legumes, but any management of the pests is dependent on high agrochemical inputs which have negative impacts from exposure of users and consumers and where pesticides severely impact non-target invertebrates that can be beneficial to food production through pollination or natural pest regulation. Agricultural systems are ecologically complex and must function with natural habitats rather than deplete them. More resilient agriculture and focussed investments for smallholder farmers can deliver transformative change and enhance prospects and livelihoods of the world's poorest while safeguarding against future risks. In Tanzania, Kenya and Malawi, legumes are grown and consumed by millions of farmers and their families providing protein, micronutrients and vitamins so represent one of the most important means to enhance nutritional security. East African poverty reduction strategy papers highlight that food poverty exceeds 18% in these countries and agriculture is central to reducing this livelihood gap. Yields of key legumes such as beans and cowpea are presently very low (500-700 kg/ha) but potential yields are >3000 kg/ha. Consequently, millions of farmers, particularly women (the primary growers of orphan legume crops in Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania), and their households have great potential to increase nutritional and food insecurity by improving production of legumes. Biodiversity underpins agricultural ecosystem services and food security, livelihoods and economic development by provisioning natural enemies of crop pests. Natural enemies reduce populations of pest insects thereby reducing reliance on synthetic insecticide application. Through this saving their contribution in the US alone is reported to be $13.6 billion annually so the benefits of natural pest regulation can be measured in environmental and economic terms. Non-crop habitats such as field margins provide the environment with diverse food resources required to support arthropod predators and parasitoids. Management or manipulation of this non-crop habitat can help to support natural pest regulation and can even be augmented and sustained in better managed natural or manipulated agro-ecosystems. The occurrence, density and impacts of most beneficial insects in smallholder ecosystems, however, are poorly understood, particularly in Africa. The research proposed here will take forward recent findings by our partnership and identify the key taxa that support and deliver natural pest regulation. We will develop approaches that support and augment natural pest regulation through improved agroecosystems management with reduced pesticide use. The proposed research will provide key evidence for benefits of natural pest regulation and establish how this can be optimised through better landscape management or manipulation and how natural pest regulation can function alongside other management practises including natural pest resistance, botanical insecticides and intercropping.

人口增长和与之相关的不断增长的粮食需求给全球粮食生产带来了越来越大的压力，到 2050 年，世界所需的粮食将比目前多出 60%，有限的土地面积面临着可持续生产充足粮食的压力，同时减少了化学品投入。农作物的严重病虫害是粮食和营养安全面临的主要挑战之一，对贫困农民和低投入孤生作物豆类（如黄豆、木豆、豇豆和扁豆）的影响尤为严重。孤生作物豆类的害虫防治常常被忽视，但害虫的任何管理都依赖于大量的农用化学品投入，这会对使用者和消费者的接触产生负面影响，并且农药严重影响非目标无脊椎动物，而这些无脊椎动物可能通过授粉有益于粮食生产或自然害虫调节。农业系统在生态上是复杂的，必须与自然栖息地一起发挥作用，而不是耗尽它们。更具弹性的农业和对小农的集中投资可以带来变革，改善世界上最贫困人口的前景和生计，同时防范未来风险。在坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚和马拉维，数百万农民及其家庭种植和消费豆类，提供蛋白质、微量营养素和维生素，因此是增强营养安全的最重要手段之一。东非减贫战略文件强调，这些国家的粮食贫困率超过 18%，而农业是缩小这一生计差距的核心。目前，豆类和豇豆等主要豆类的产量非常低（500-700 公斤/公顷），但潜在产量>3000 公斤/公顷。因此，数百万农民，特别是妇女（肯尼亚、马拉维和坦桑尼亚孤儿豆类作物的主要种植者）及其家庭拥有通过提高豆类产量来增加营养和粮食不安全的巨大潜力。生物多样性通过提供作物害虫的天敌来支撑农业生态系统服务和粮食安全、生计和经济发展。天敌减少了害虫的数量，从而减少了对合成杀虫剂施用的依赖。据报道，仅通过这种方式，他们每年为美国节省的费用就达 136 亿美元，因此可以从环境和经济角度衡量自然害虫防治的效益。田边等非农作物栖息地为环境提供了支持节肢动物捕食者和寄生蜂所需的多种食物资源。对这种非作物栖息地的管理或操纵可以帮助支持自然害虫调节，甚至可以在更好管理的自然或操纵的农业生态系统中得到增强和维持。然而，人们对小农生态系统中大多数有益昆虫的出现、密度和影响知之甚少，特别是在非洲。这里提出的研究将推进我们合作伙伴的最新发现，并确定支持和提供自然害虫监管的关键类群。我们将开发通过改善农业生态系统管理和减少农药使用来支持和加强自然害虫防治的方法。拟议的研究将为自然害虫调控的益处提供关键证据，并确定如何通过更好的景观管理或操纵来优化自然害虫调控，以及自然害虫调控如何与其他管理实践（包括自然害虫抗性、植物杀虫剂和间作）一起发挥作用。

项目成果

Field Margin Vegetation in Tropical African Bean Systems Harbours Diverse Natural Enemies for Biological Pest Control in Adjacent Crops

热带非洲豆类系统的田边植被为邻近作物的害虫生物防治提供了多种天敌

• DOI: 10.3390/su11226399
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Sustainability
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Mkenda P

Economic analysis of habitat manipulation in Brassica pest management: Wild plant species suppress cabbage webworm

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105788
• 发表时间: 2021-08-13
• 期刊: CROP PROTECTION
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Amoabeng, Blankson W.;Stevenson, Philip C.;Gurr, Geoff M.
• 通讯作者: Gurr, Geoff M.

Knowledge gaps among smallholder farmers hinder adoption of conservation biological control

• DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2019.1707169
• 发表时间: 2020-01-03
• 期刊: BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Mkenda, Prisila A.;Ndakidemi, Patrick A.;Gurr, Geoff M.
• 通讯作者: Gurr, Geoff M.

Elements of agroecological pest and disease management

• DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2021.00099
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene
• 作者: S. Belmain;Y. Tembo;A. Mkindi;Sarah E. J. Arnold;P. Stevenson

Beneficial insects are associated with botanically rich margins with trees on small farms.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94536-3
• 发表时间: 2021-07-26
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Arnold SEJ;Elisante F;Mkenda PA;Tembo YLB;Ndakidemi PA;Gurr GM;Darbyshire IA;Belmain SR;Stevenson PC
• 通讯作者: Stevenson PC