Toxic algae and sea-loch sediments: A novel investigation to understand the influence of climate change on harmful algal blooms and aquaculture

有毒藻类和海湾沉积物：一项了解气候变化对有害藻华和水产养殖影响的新研究

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M026620/1
负责人：
William Edward Newns Austin
金额：
$ 28.24万
依托单位：
University of St Andrews
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM026620%2F1
关键词：
Toxic algae sea loch sediments

项目摘要

A worldwide threat to human health from shellfish aquaculture comes from harmful, and particularly biotoxin producing, marine phytoplankton (often termed harmful algal blooms, HABs). These biotoxins accumulate in the shellfish flesh and can reach harmful concentrations. Consumption of shellfish flesh contaminated with these toxins can pose a serious risk to human health.In Europe, human health is protected by the EU Shellfish Hygiene Directive which enforce a system of shellfish harvesting closures based on concentrations of shellfish toxins above a regulatory limit. Such closures have a marked negative impact on the economics of the industry and have been enforced in Scottish waters on an almost annual basis since routine monitoring began in 1991. The Scottish Government is currently promoting an expansion of the shellfish industry in Scottish, but there is currently no mechanism to assess the vulnerability of new sites to the impacts of HABs or climate change on their shellfish beds. Improved understanding of the processes that govern harmful phytoplankton dynamics and toxicity is therefore urgently required to allow better monitoring, assessment of risk and management of coastal waters to safeguard human health and promote the sustainability and expansion of the shellfish industry.A number of shellfish poisoning syndromes exist, of which, owing to the severity of the intoxication syndrome, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is one of the most important globally. This potentially fatal condition results from the ingestion of neurotoxins called saxitoxins. Dinoflagellates within the species complex Alexandrium tamarense are potent producers of PSP toxins worldwide including Scottish waters. Monitoring for the presence of PSP toxins in the UK began along the northeast coast of England in 1968 and was expanded along the Scottish coasts in 1990 in response to a major PSP event. In 1996 monitoring for the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium in the water column was initiated revealing the occurrence of 'hot-spots' for both the detection of Alexandrium cells in the water column and PSP toxicity in shellfishRoutine monitoring has revealed considerable interannual variation both in the abundance of Alexandrium cells alongside a decreasing trend in the toxicity recorded in Scottish shellfish. The cause for this is currently unknown. The current challenge is to extend the Scottish record prior to 1990 to understand what happened in these environments over longer time-scales when good climate data are available to help understand potential forcing mechanisms.The dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense presents a unique opportunity to address this lack of data. As part of its sexual life cycle, at the end of its growing season, Alexandrium cells form zygotes which fuse to form a robust cyst. This cyst sinks to the seabed and overwinters on the sediment until the following year when it hatches and undergoes meiotic division to form vegetative cells and subsequent blooms. Not all of the cysts will hatch and cysts that remain in the sediment can act as a 'footprint' of the diversity of the Alexandrium bloom during preceding years. This sedimentary cyst record, particularly in the sheltered and restricted exchange environments of Scotland's sea-lochs where marine aquaculture is concentrated, holds the potential to inform our understanding of natural climate variability as well as preserving a record of the Alexandrium diversity.The project will therefore build a new capacity in HABs research and advice in relation to aquaculture and climate change. The project provides exciting new opportunities to link current understanding of HAB plankton dynamics available through monitoring programmes directly to the sedimentary record; thereby enabling the first systematic evaluation of the risks posed to aquaculture from viable HAB cysts in these sediments and how decadal variation may be influenced by climate change.

贝类水产养殖对人类健康的全球威胁来自有害，尤其是生物毒素的海洋浮游植物（通常称为有害藻华，Habs）。这些生物毒素积聚在贝类肉中，可以达到有害浓度。消耗被这些毒素污染的贝类肉会对人类健康构成严重风险。在欧洲，人类健康受到欧盟贝类卫生指令的保护，该指令强制执行基于贝类毒素浓度的贝类收获封闭系统，该系统基于贝类毒素的浓度高于法规限制。自1991年常规监测开始以来，这种关闭对行业经济学产生了明显的负面影响，并且几乎每年都在苏格兰水域实施。苏格兰政府目前正在促进苏格兰贝类行业的扩展，但目前尚无评估新地点对Habs或气候变化对他们的beall鱼的影响的机制。因此，迫切需要对控制有害的浮游植物动态和毒性的过程的更多了解，以便更好地监测，评估风险和沿海水域的管理以保护人类健康，并促进贝类行业的可持续性和促进贝类中毒综合症的数量，这是一家重要的疾病，因为这些重要性是众所周知的（造成销售的重要性），这是众多的销售症状。全球。这种潜在的致命状况是由于摄入称为萨毒素的神经毒素的摄入而引起的。物种复杂的亚历山大tamarense中的鞭毛藻是全球PSP毒素的有效生产国，包括苏格兰水域。 1968年，在英国东北海岸开始监测PSP毒素的存在，并于1990年沿着苏格兰海岸扩展，以响应重大的PSP事件。 In 1996 monitoring for the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium in the water column was initiated revealing the occurrence of 'hot-spots' for both the detection of Alexandrium cells in the water column and PSP toxicity in shellfishRoutine monitoring has revealed considerable interannual variation both in the abundance of Alexandrium cells alongside a decreasing trend in the toxicity recorded in Scottish shellfish.目前未知的原因。当前的挑战是在1990年之前扩展苏格兰记录，以了解良好的气候数据可用来帮助了解潜在的强迫机制时，在这些环境中发生了什么。Dinoflagellatealexandrium tamarense为解决这种缺乏数据提供了独特的机会。作为其性生命周期的一部分，在其生长季节结束时，Alexandrium细胞形成合子，融合形成强大的囊肿。直到第二年，该囊肿会沉入沉积物上的海床和越过沉积物上，直到它孵化并经过减数分裂分裂形成营养细胞和随后的开花。并非所有的囊肿都会孵化，并且保留在沉积物中的囊肿可以充当前几年亚历山大盛开的多样性的“足迹”。这种沉积性囊肿记录，尤其是在苏格兰海洋储藏林的庇护和受限的交换环境中，在海洋水产养殖中集中了这种记录，有可能告知我们对自然气候变异性的理解，并保留亚历山大多样性的记录。该项目提供了令人兴奋的新机会，可以将当前对HAB Plankton动态的理解直接与沉积记录联系起来；从而使这些沉积物中可行的HAB囊肿对水产养殖带来的风险进行首次系统评估，以及如何受到气候变化的影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Organic-carbon-rich sediments: benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of depositional environments

富含有机碳的沉积物：底栖有孔虫作为沉积环境的生物指标

DOI：
10.5194/bg-16-4183-2019
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Biogeosciences
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Lo Giudice Cappelli E
通讯作者：
Lo Giudice Cappelli E

The evolution of a coastal carbon store over the last millennium

过去千年沿海碳储存的演变

DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107081
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Quaternary Science Reviews
影响因子：
4
作者：
Smeaton C
通讯作者：
Smeaton C

Harmful algal blooms in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1715499114
发表时间：
2017-11-14
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Dees, Paul;Bresnan, Eileen;Davidson, Keith
通讯作者：
Davidson, Keith

Quantifying Marine Sedimentary Carbon: A New Spatial Analysis Approach Using Seafloor Acoustics, Imagery, and Ground-Truthing Data in Scotland