CELL POLARITY AND CYTOSKELETAL TRANSPORT IN DROSOPHILA

果蝇的细胞极性和细胞骨架运输

• 批准号: 2771038
• 负责人: Thomas S Hays
• 金额: $ 13.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2771038
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; cell differentiation; cellular polarity; cytology; cytoskeleton; dynein ATPase; gene mutation; immunoelectron microscopy; in situ hybridization; intracellular transport; kinesin; laboratory mouse; laboratory rabbit; laboratory rat; light microscopy; microtubules; molecular cloning; myosins; oogenesis; phase contrast microscopy; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; site directed mutagenesis

Cell polarity or asymmetry is a universal feature of animal cells that is fundamental to the development and morphogenesis of all organisms. For developmental biologists the recognition that determinants prelocalized within the oocyte act to control axial polarities and cell fates within the embryo has focused great interest on the identity of those determinants and the mechanism of their localization. The unidirectional movements of the microtubule-associated motors, dyneins, and kinesins, provide an important mechanism for the positioning of cellular organelles and molecules. This mechanism may underlie the polarized transport and targeting of morphogenetic determinants within oocytes and embryos. The proposed research will test this hypothesis. Our previous analysis of recessive lethal dynein mutations has indicated that dynein function is required during oogenesis. Moreover, an aymmetric accumulation of the dynein motor to, and within, the oocyte is disrupted by mutations in genes that are required for oocyte specification and differentiation. Our planned experiments will (1) characterize the cytological and molecular phenotypes of oocytes that are mutant for dynein function, (2) test the hypothesis that cytoskeletal polarity is an underlying component of oocyte asymmetry which accounts for dynein accumulation and localization within the oocyte, and (3) to extend our genetic and molecular analyses of the pathways for cytoskeletal transport in oogenesis. Overall, these studies are designed to enhance understanding of the roles of motor proteins in the specification of embryonic axes in the fly egg chamber in articular and the generation of cell olarity in general.

细胞极性或不对称性是动物细胞的普遍特征 对所有生物体的发育和形态发生至关重要。为了 发育生物学家认识到决定因素预先定位 卵母细胞内的作用是控制轴向极性和细胞命运 胚胎对那些人的身份产生了极大的兴趣 决定因素及其定位机制。单向的 微管相关马达、动力蛋白和驱动蛋白的运动， 为细胞器的定位提供重要机制 和分子。这种机制可能是极化传输和 卵母细胞和胚胎内形态发生决定因素的靶向。这 拟议的研究将检验这一假设。我们之前的分析 隐性致死动力蛋白突变表明动力蛋白功能 卵子发生过程中需要。此外，不对称的积累 基因突变破坏了卵母细胞内的动力蛋白运动 卵母细胞规格和分化所需的。我们的 计划的实验将（1）表征细胞学和分子 动力蛋白功能突变的卵母细胞的表型，（2）测试 假设细胞骨架极性是卵母细胞的基本组成部分 不对称性解释了动力蛋白的积累和定位 卵母细胞，以及（3）扩展我们对卵母细胞的遗传和分子分析 卵子发生过程中细胞骨架运输的途径。总体而言，这些研究 旨在增强对运动蛋白在 果蝇卵室中胚胎轴的规格，特别是关节 以及一般细胞密度的产生。