Impact and mitigation of emergent diseases on major UK insect pollinators

突发疾病对英国主要昆虫传粉者的影响和缓解

• 批准号: BB/I000151/1
• 负责人: Mark Brown
• 金额: $ 87.58万
• 依托单位: Royal Holloway University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI000151%2F1
• 关键词: Impact; mitigation; emergent; diseases; major

The mysterious death of thousands of honey bee colonies in the USA in the winter of 2005/06, termed Colony Collapse Disorder, focused media attention on the plight of bees, the world's primary pollinators. In the UK, both the honey bee and the 24 species of bumble bee play a major role in crop and wildflower pollination, and both have been suffering serious declines. Exotic (non-native) and newly emergent (native, but with increasing virulence) diseases are considered a major cause of decline in bees and consequently they are one of the greatest challenges to bees in the UK. The single-celled microsporidian 'fungus' Nosema ceranae is an exotic infectious disease of the honey bee that primarily attacks the gut of the bee. We have shown that it has spread worldwide, including the UK, within the last ca. 10 years, and it has been implicated in honey bee colony collapses in the USA (2005/06) and Spain (2007/08). Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) is the major disease organism associated with Varroa destructor mites of honey bees. This emergent disease replicates inside the bee, causing deformed wings and reduced longevity and is responsible for considerable honey bee colony mortality in the UK. Both disease organisms have recently been detected in bumble bees. Thus, both N. ceranae and DWV pose major threats to the UK's principal pollinators. Investigations of pollinator diseases typically focus on single-species interactions (one disease organism and one pollinator species). However, most parasites have multiple hosts and most hosts have multiple parasites. Here, we will take a multidisciplinary, ecological systems-based approach to understand the virulence (e.g. reduced longevity) and transmission of these two major disease organisms, N. ceranae and DWV, and detrimental synergies between them, on the UK's major pollination service providers: the honey bee and bumble bees. We will undertake laboratory epidemiological experiments (in which we look at the impact of a disease organism(s) on its host and the progression of disease from initial infection through to host mortality or recovery), state-of-the-art 'post-genomic' analyses and high-resolution radar tracking of individual insects to determine disease virulence and transmission. Using these data, we will parameterise a novel epidemiological model that will allow risk assessment of these emergent diseases on UK pollinators. Taking advantage of the complete genomes of both N. ceranae and DWV, we will undertake country-wide screening of pollinators to provide the evidence base of current disease strain prevalence. We will also refine innovative approaches for combating disease impacts. Specifically we will investigate the role of 'lactic acid bacteria' (the 'good guys' found naturally in healthy bee guts) and so-called RNAi technology (=RNA interference - short stretches of RNA that may interfere with viral replication inside a host) in curing bees of N. ceranae and DWV, which would provide long-term sustainable solutions to these disease organisms. For ca. £1.6 million (75% FEC), this interdisciplinary project will combine expertise from three leading UK bee and pollination research groups at Queen's University Belfast, Royal Holloway University of London and Rothamsted Research with mathematical modellers (Royal Holloway), pioneering microbiologists at the University of Lund (Sweden) and the world leader in RNAi technologies for bee diseases: Beeologics (USA). It will elucidate the impact and epidemiology of two increasingly important parasites on the UK's principal insect pollinators. Results will provide the evidence base for policy on disease mitigation strategies for government (conservation and agricultural advisory bodies) and major stakeholders (beekeepers, bumble bee importers). As well as serving as a model study of emergent pollinator diseases, project results will feed directly into husbandry practices and approaches to mitigate disease impact.

2005/2006 年冬季，美国数千个蜂群神秘死亡，被称为“蜂群崩溃综合症”，引起了媒体对蜜蜂（英国蜜蜂和 24 种蜜蜂）的困境的关注。熊蜂物种在农作物和野花授粉中发挥着重要作用，但外来（非本地）和新出现（本地）的数量都在严重减少。毒力）疾病被认为是蜜蜂数量下降的主要原因，因此它们是英国蜜蜂面临的最大挑战之一。单细胞微孢子虫“真菌”蜜蜂微孢子虫是一种外来的蜜蜂传染病，主要攻击蜜蜂。我们已经证明，在过去的大约 10 年内，它已经在包括英国在内的世界范围内传播，并且与美国蜜蜂群体的崩溃有关。 (2005/06) 和西班牙 (2007/08) 变形翅病毒 (DWV) 是与蜜蜂瓦螨相关的主要疾病微生物，这种突发疾病在蜜蜂体内复制，导致翅膀变形和寿命缩短。最近在英国大黄蜂中发现了两种病原微生物，这两种病原菌均对英国蜜蜂造成重大威胁。英国的主要传粉媒介疾病的研究通常集中于单一物种的相互作用（一种疾病生物体和一种传粉媒介物种），但是，大多数寄生虫有多个宿主，并且大多数宿主有多个寄生虫。基于方法来了解这两种主要病原微生物（蜜蜂花和 DWV）的毒力（例如寿命缩短）和传播，以及它们之间对英国主要授粉服务提供商的不健康协同作用：我们将进行实验室流行病学实验（观察疾病微生物对其宿主的影响以及从最初感染到宿主死亡或康复的疾病进展）、状态。 -对个体昆虫进行最先进的“后基因组”分析和高分辨率雷达跟踪，以确定疾病的毒力和传播情况，我们将参数化一个新的流行病学模型，该模型将允许对英国这些新出现的疾病进行风险评估。利用中华蜜蜂和 DWV 的完整基因组，我们将在全国范围内对传粉媒介进行筛查，以提供当前病害菌株流行情况的证据基础。研究“乳酸菌”（健康蜜蜂肠道中天然存在的“好细菌”）和所谓的 RNAi 技术（=RNA 干扰 - 可能干扰宿主体内病毒复制的短链 RNA）在治愈蜜蜂中的作用的该跨学科项目将结合贝尔法斯特女王大学三个领先的英国蜜蜂和授粉研究小组的专业知识，为这些病害生物提供长期可持续的解决方案。 、伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院和洛桑研究中心与数学建模师（皇家霍洛威学院）、隆德大学（瑞典）的微生物先驱以及 RNAi 技术的世界领导者蜜蜂疾病：Beeologics（美国）。它将阐明两种日益重要的寄生虫对英国主要昆虫传粉者的影响和流行病学，结果将为政府（保护和农业咨询机构）的疾病缓解策略提供证据基础。主要利益相关者（养蜂人、熊蜂进口商）以及作为紧急传粉媒介疾病的模型研究，项目结果将直接用于畜牧实践和减轻疾病影响的方法。

项目成果

Additional file 1: Figure S1-S9. of Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens

附加文件1：图S1-S9。

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3714136_d1
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Doublet V

Impact of chronic exposure to a pyrethroid pesticide on bumblebees and interactions with a trypanosome parasite

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12205
• 发表时间: 2014-04-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Baron, Gemma L.;Raine, Nigel E.;Brown, Mark J. F.
• 通讯作者: Brown, Mark J. F.

A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses across wild and managed bees.

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12345
• 发表时间: 2015-05
• 期刊: The Journal of animal ecology
• 作者: McMahon DP;Fürst MA;Caspar J;Theodorou P;Brown MJF;Paxton RJ
• 通讯作者: Paxton RJ

Chronic sublethal stress causes bee colony failure.

• DOI: 10.1111/ele.12188
• 发表时间: 2013-12
• 期刊: Ecology letters
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Bryden J;Gill RJ;Mitton RA;Raine NE;Jansen VA
• 通讯作者: Jansen VA

Erratum to: Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3624-7
• 发表时间: 2017-03-23
• 期刊: BMC genomics
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Doublet V;Poeschl Y;Gogol-Döring A;Alaux C;Annoscia D;Aurori C;Barribeau SM;Bedoya-Reina OC;Brown MJ;Bull JC;Flenniken ML;Galbraith DA;Genersch E;Gisder S;Grosse I;Holt HL;Hultmark D;Lattorff HM;Le Conte Y;Manfredini F;McMahon DP;Moritz RF;Nazzi F;Niño EL;Nowick K;van Rij RP;Paxton RJ;Grozinger CM
• 通讯作者: Grozinger CM