THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF PAST AND PRESENT

过去和现在自然种群的遗传结构

• 批准号: 2463624
• 负责人: STEPHEN J O'BRIEN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2463624
• 关键词: Paramyxoviridae; animal population genetics; animal population study; biochemical evolution; cats; feline immunodeficiency virus; genetic mapping; genetic polymorphism; immunogenetics; mitochondrial DNA; nucleic acid repetitive sequence; polymerase chain reaction; species difference; virus genetics

The development of high resolution genetic polymorphism markers in human genetics has opened an expansive field that would allow the understanding of genome organization in the context of historic evolutionary events. From a taxonomic perspective, we have applied several different indices of genetic differentiation to the phylogenetic analysis of species of Felidae. The approaches which allow for consensus phylogenetic inference include: (1) allozyme genetic distance; (2) 2 dimensional electrophoresis fibroblast protein genetic distance; (3) albumin immunological distances; (4) DNA-DNA hybridization; (5) mitochondrial DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism; (6) mitochondrial gene sequence including 16S rDNA, NADH dehydrogenase-2, ATPases, D-loop; (7) nuclear coding gene sequences including MHC-DRB, SRY, ZFX, and ZFY homologues. Similar methodology has been used to detect and characterize phylogenetic clades of feline immunodeficiency virus, known to be widespread among non-domestic cat species. Three distinct clades (A-C) are apparent among African lions, while 18 equally divergent clades were seen among pumas. No immune deficiency disease is apparent among wild cat species, although FIV causes AIDS in domestic cats. A dramatic emergence of a novel morbillivirus, related to canine distemper, was observed in the Serengeti lion population in 1994, and this outbreak caused neurologic disease and mortality among over one thousand animals. Feline short tandem repeat (STR) loci were employed to characterize historic subspecies phylogeographic partitions among leopards, pumas, and tigers, as well as for genetic individualization in a forensic homocide case.

高分辨率遗传多态性标记的开发 人类遗传学开辟了一个广阔的领域，使 在历史背景下理解基因组组织 进化事件。 从分类学的角度来看，我们应用了 几种不同的遗传分化指数 猫科动物的系统发育分析。 这些方法 允许一致的系统发育推断包括：（1）等位酶 遗传距离； (2) 二维电泳成纤维细胞蛋白 遗传距离； (3)白蛋白免疫学距离； (4)DNA-DNA 杂交； (5) 线粒体DNA限制性片段长度 多态性； (6)线粒体基因序列包括16S rDNA、NADH 脱氢酶-2、ATP 酶、D 环； (7)核编码基因序列 包括 MHC-DRB、SRY、ZFX 和 ZFY 同源物。 类似的方法 已用于检测和表征猫科动物的系统发育分支 免疫缺陷病毒，已知在非家猫中广泛传播 物种。 非洲狮明显存在三个不同的进化支（A-C）， 而美洲狮中有 18 个同样不同的分支。 没有免疫力 尽管FIV 导致家猫感染艾滋病。 小说的戏剧性出现 与犬瘟热相关的麻疹病毒在 1994年塞伦盖蒂狮子种群数量激增，这次爆发引发了神经系统疾病 超过一千只动物的疾病和死亡。 猫科短款 采用串联重复（STR）位点来表征历史 豹子、美洲狮和其他亚种的系统发育地理划分 老虎，以及法医凶杀案中的基因个体化 案件。