The Port-au-Prince-Rio Connection: 'Collateral Damage' by UN Troops in Haiti and Brazilian Troops in Rio

太子港与里约的联系：驻海地的联合国部队和驻里约的巴西部队的“附带损害”

基本信息

批准号：
AH/S005757/1
负责人：
Siobhan Wills
金额：
$ 8.32万
依托单位：
University of Ulster
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FS005757%2F1
关键词：
Port au Prince Rio Connection

项目摘要

THE PURPOSE of the Impact and Engagement for Development Project is to expand the impact of the GCRF AHRC funded research on use of deadly force by the UN Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), to engage similarly affected communities in Brazil. BACKGROUNDIn addition to peer reviewed academic articles, the AHRC project AH/N00793X/1, produced a film using participatory practices, 'It Stays With You: Use of Force by UN Peacekeepers in Haiti' (www.itstayswithyou.com/film) which presents testimonies of survivors whose loved ones were killed or injured by MINUSTAH during heavily militarised law enforcement operations targeted at gang violence. The film has been shown internationally (see www.itstayswithyou.com for details). It was screened as a side event at the Human Rights Council session in July 2018 and has been selected for the Amnesty International Film Festival, France, 2019. On 26 June 2018, we received an email from Under Secretary-General for Peacekeeping, Jean-Pierre Lacroix, in response to nine months of emails to him and a visit by us to MINUJUSTH (the UN mission in Haiti that replaced MINUSTAH) seeking an investigation. Lacroix thanked us for drawing his attention to the issues raised in the film, assured us that the United Nations (UN) is taking the issue seriously and that he will respond with further details in due course. We believe it is important to continue to raise awareness and press for an investigation up until the UN provides a public response that addresses the concerns of those affected. Therefore, we plan to expand our impact and engagement activities internationally, focusing in particular on Brazil because militarised law enforcement operations similar to ones conducted by MINUSTAH in Haiti have recently been undertaken in Brazil's favelas and refugee camps leading to deaths and injuries - and to a perceived lack of accountability for the actions of the armed forces.THE PORT-AU-PRINCE RIO CONNECTIONBrazil contributed the commanders and most of the troops to the UN mission in Haiti. It has been argued that MINUSTAH provided the opportunity for 'acquisition and/or improvement of skills and knowledge related to social control and pacification, which could be adapted and executed in any other (urban) context'.' http://www.opeu.org.br/2018/05/25/as-licoes-do-haiti/. The Vila Cruzeiro operation in 2010 is one example of a law enforcement operation in which dozens of bystanders were killed. The commander, General Sardenberg, served in the first Brazilian contingent and more than half of the 800 members of the Brigada de Infantaria Paraquedista were Haiti veterans (Harig, 2015.) The issue is topical due to the sharp increase in militarised law enforcement operations in 2018 following a decree by President Temer in February putting the military in charge of security operations in Rio. In June a child was killed in an army operation in the Mare favela: reportedly ambulances were initially denied access. GCRF FoF PROJECTWe will work with our project collaborators to screen the film, discuss the issues it raises with communities affected by similar operations, and work with them and our contacts in Geneva and New York to a) seek investigations into deaths and injuries as result of such operations in both Brazil and Haiti and b) pressure the UN to promulgate standards designed to ensure that both the UN and its member states comply with human rights standards in all militarised law enforcement operations. Using participatory practices, we will expand our website www.itstayswithyou.com with filmed testimonies from Brazil, focusing on survivors and medical professionals. We will undertake a literature review of the links between militarised policing operations in Haiti and Brazil, and build on it to write reports on the situation and the need for these issues to be addressed at UN level. We aim to publish in the international and Brazilian press/social media and peer reviewed journals.

影响和参与促进发展项目的目的是扩大 GCRF AHRC 资助的关于联合国海地稳定特派团 (MINUSTAH) 使用致命武力的研究的影响，以吸引巴西类似受影响的社区。背景除了同行评审的学术文章外，AHRC 项目 AH/N00793X/1 还利用参与式实践制作了一部影片，“它与你同在：联合国维和人员在海地使用武力”(www.itstayswithyou.com/film)，其中介绍了在针对帮派暴力的高度军事化执法行动中，其亲人被联海稳定团打死或打伤的幸存者的证词。该影片已在国际上放映（有关详细信息，请访问 www.itstayswithyou.com）。该片于 2018 年 7 月作为人权理事会会议的会外活动进行放映，并入选 2019 年法国大赦国际电影节。2018 年 6 月 26 日，我们收到了主管维持和平事务副秘书长让-皮埃尔·拉克鲁瓦（Pierre Lacroix），回应九个月来给他的电子邮件以及我们访问联海稳定团（取代联海稳定团的联合国驻海地特派团）寻求调查的信息。拉克鲁瓦感谢我们提请他注意影片中提出的问题，并向我们保证联合国正在认真对待这个问题，他将在适当的时候做出进一步的细节回应。我们认为，重要的是继续提高认识并敦促进行调查，直到联合国做出公开回应，解决受影响者的担忧。因此，我们计划扩大我们的国际影响力和参与活动，特别关注巴西，因为最近在巴西贫民窟和难民营开展了类似于联海稳定团在海地开展的军事执法行动，导致人员伤亡，并导致被认为缺乏对武装部队行动的问责。太子港里约连接巴西向联合国海地特派团派遣了指挥官和大部分部队。有人认为，联海稳定团提供了“获取和/或提高与社会控制和安抚相关的技能和知识的机会，这些技能和知识可以在任何其他（城市）环境中进行调整和执行”。 http://www.opeu.org.br/2018/05/25/as-licoes-do-haiti/。 2010 年的维拉克鲁塞罗行动就是导致数十名旁观者死亡的执法行动的一个例子。指挥官萨登伯格将军曾在第一支巴西特遣队服役，而帕拉奎迪斯塔步兵旅 800 名成员中有一半以上是海地退伍军人（Harig，2015）。由于巴西军事化执法行动急剧增加，这个问题成为热门话题。 2018 年，特梅尔总统于 2 月颁布法令，让军队负责里约的安全行动。六月，一名儿童在马雷贫民窟的一次军队行动中被杀：据报道，救护车最初被拒绝进入。 GCRF FoF 项目我们将与我们的项目合作者合作放映该影片，与受类似行动影响的社区讨论它提出的问题，并与他们以及我们在日内瓦和纽约的联系人合作，a) 寻求对因以下原因造成的死亡和受伤进行调查b) 向联合国施压，要求其颁布旨在确保联合国及其成员国在所有军事执法行动中遵守人权标准的标准。通过参与式做法，我们将通过来自巴西的拍摄证词来扩展我们的网站 www.itstayswithyou.com，重点关注幸存者和医疗专业人员。我们将对海地和巴西的军事化警务行动之间的联系进行文献综述，并在此基础上撰写有关情况以及在联合国层面解决这些问题的必要性的报告。我们的目标是在国际和巴西媒体/社交媒体以及同行评审期刊上发表文章。