Crisis or continuity? The deposition of metalwork in the Roman world: what do coin hoards tell us about Roman Britain in the 3rd century AD?

危机还是延续？

基本信息

批准号：
AH/K000438/1
负责人：
Roger Bland
金额：
$ 82.26万
依托单位：
British Museum
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FK000438%2F1
关键词：
Crisis continuity deposition metalwork Roman

项目摘要

Hoards of valued materials, particularly coins, are a common, and rapidly growing, class of discovery across the Roman Empire. While these are most commonly seen as having been deposited for safe keeping, other explanations for this activity are also possible. There has been little explicit discussion or research on why Roman coin hoards were buried, why hoards were not recovered in antiquity, or what they tell us when studied as a group. Six hundred hoards are known from Britain containing coins of the period AD 253-96, an unprecedented concentration, and they provide a key and under-used dataset that can shed light on a poorly known period of British archaeology and history. The British pattern of later 3rd-century hoards differs markedly from the rest of the western Roman empire, despite the political problems that affected Britain at this time being felt equally or more severely in many other European provinces. This anomaly merits detailed investigation and the results will have implications not only for interpretation of this specific hoarding phenomenon, but will contribute significantly to more general debates about hoarding behaviour in antiquity.Traditionally these hoards have been interpreted as having been buried with the intention of recovery but recent discoveries such as the Frome hoard have suggested the possibility that these hoards may have been ritual (or `votive') deposits. Ritual deposition is a common explanation for prehistoric metalwork, and many, if not all, Iron Age coin hoards. Can we show whether any of the 3rd century hoards were likely to have been ritual deposits and, if so, how many? If so, what are the implications for the use of their contents in studying monetary history or political history?We propose to ask the following research questions: 1. Why were coin hoards deposited in Roman Britain - and was this for similar reasons as other Iron Age and Roman coin hoards? 2. Why were so many coin hoards deposited (and not recovered) in 3rd-century Britain and is their date of burial the same as the date of their latest coins?3. What do coin hoards tell us about the economic and political history of 3rd-century Britain?4. How different or similar are 3rd-century British coin hoards to those from other periods of Roman Britain or other parts of northwestern provinces of the Roman Empire? 5. What wider lessons can be learnt about using coin hoards to understand the economic, political and religious history of the Roman Empire?The project brings together the expertise of the British Museum in the study of Roman coins and hoards and the academic strengths of the University of Leicester in Roman archaeology and their experience of investigating coin hoards in a landscape setting. The PI, Dr Roger Bland, is Keeper of Portable Antiquities & Treasure at the British Museum and has very extensive experience studying hoards; the CIs are Professors Colin Haselgrove and David Mattingly, leading experts respectively on Iron Age archaeology and coinage and on the archaeology and economy of the Roman Empire. Under their collective guidance and with input from expert colleagues, 3 RAs will study (1) the hoards from Britain and the wider Empire, (2) a landscape study of the hoard findspots and archaeological evidence for Roman Britain in the 3rd century AD; and (3) reasons for the deposition of metalwork in the Iron Age and Roman periods.The key outputs will include a monograph, at least 5 peer-reviewed articles, 2 conferences (the papers of which will be published), two exhibitions, articles for popular magazines and a web-based hoards database.The project will build on discoveries made by members of the public and reported through the Portable Antiquities Scheme to provide a comprehensive study of coin hoarding in Britain in the 3rd century AD, set in a wider context, and will also address key wider questions relevant for understanding coin hoards in other periods.

在整个罗马帝国中，有价值的材料，特别是硬币是一种常见且迅速发展的发现。尽管最常被视为已存入安全保存，但对此活动的其他解释也是可能的。关于为什么埋葬罗马硬币ho积，为什么没有在古代中恢复过ho积或他们在作为一个小组研究时告诉我们的内容，几乎没有明确的讨论或研究。从英国含有六百个ho积，其中包含AD 253-96时期的硬币，这是一个前所未有的集中度，它们提供了一个关键和使用不足的数据集，可以阐明英国考古学和历史的众所周知的时期。英国三世纪后期ho积的模式与西罗马帝国的其他地区明显不同，尽管政治问题目前影响了英国在许多其他欧洲省份的同样或更严重的影响。这种异常的详细调查和结果将不仅对这种特定的ho积现象的解释有影响，而且将对关于古物性行为ho积行为的更一般性辩论产生重大贡献。在传统上，这些ho积被解释为埋葬的意图是恢复的意图，但诸如弗罗姆ho住的遗产（例如弗罗姆ho住），表明这些ho以求的可能是这些ho的可能性，以至于这些可能是这些ho的可能性（或者曾经有过）。仪式沉积是史前金属制品的常见解释，也是铁器时代硬币ho积。我们能否证明3世纪的ho积中的任何一个都可能是仪式存款，如果是的，则有多少？如果是这样，对使用其内容在研究货币历史或政治历史中的使用有什么意义？我们建议提出以下研究问题：1。为什么在罗马英国存放了硬币ho积 - 这是否是出于与其他铁器时代和罗马硬币ho积的原因相似？ 2。为什么这么多硬币ho积（未回收）在3世纪的英国，其葬礼日期与最新硬币的日期相同？3。硬币ho积告诉我们3世纪英国的经济和政治历史？4。 3世纪的英国硬币ho积与来自罗马英国其他时期或罗马帝国西北省的其他地区的英国硬币ho积？ 5。关于使用硬币ho积可以了解罗马帝国的经济，政治和宗教历史，可以了解哪些更广泛的教训？该项目将大英博物馆的专业知识融合在一起，研究罗马硬币和ho积的研究以及莱斯特大学在罗马考古学方面的学术优势及其在景观环境中调查硬币的经验。 PI，罗杰·布兰德（Roger Bland）博士，是大英博物馆（Biritis Museum）便携式古物和宝藏的守护者，并且在研究ho积方面具有非常丰富的经验。独联体分别是科林·哈塞尔格罗夫（Colin Haselgrove）和戴维·马丁利（David Mattingly），分别是铁器时代考古学和造币以及罗马帝国的考古学和经济的领先专家。在他们的集体指导下以及专家同事的意见下，3位RAS将研究（1）英国和更广泛的帝国的ho积，（2）对3世纪罗马英国的ho积发现点和考古证据的景观研究；（3）在铁器时代和罗马时期沉积金属工程的原因。这些关键成果将包括一份专着，至少5篇由同行评审的文章，2次会议，论文（将发表的论文），两个展览，对受欢迎的杂志的文章和网络ho虫的数据库的综合计划，并在公众的范围内构建了一项公众的竞争，该计划是由公众提供的。英国在公元3世纪，设定在更广泛的背景下，还将解决与理解其他时期硬币ho积有关的关键问题。