BEHAVIORAL MECHANISM IN HIGH RISK POPULATIONS

高风险人群的行为机制

• 批准号: 2898075
• 负责人: Don R Cherek
• 金额: $ 15.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-30 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2898075
• 关键词: aggression; antisocial personality; attention deficit disorder; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral extinction; clinical research; conduct disorder; criminal behavior; drug abuse; drug addiction; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; impulsive behavior; interview; locus of control; mental disorder diagnosis; psychometrics; questionnaires; reinforcer; social behavior disorders; statistics /biometry; urinalysis

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) Disruptive disorders, such as conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are associated with an increased risk for drug dependence, crime and other antisocial behaviors. These individuals tend to be impulsive, are frequently aggressive and attempts to modify such behavior are usually not successful. Other people, observing the behavior patterns of CD and ADHD adolescents and adults, have difficulty understanding why these patterns persist. We propose that the manner in which the behavior of CD and ADHD individuals interacts with their environment is in certain contexts very different from such interactions among the majority of the population. Specifically, CD and ADHD individuals are not sensitive to environmental stimuli signaling impending aversive stimuli or negative outcomes, or even the presentation of aversive stimuli in attempt to change their behavior. Our application will compare the behavior of three groups of subjects under laboratory conditions. We will define these three groups using laboratory measures of aggression and impulsivity. Group 1- AGG+IMP+ defined as high in both aggression and impulsivity, Group 2- AGG+IMP- high in aggression and low impulsivity and Group 3-AGG-IMP- low in both aggression and impulsivity. We propose to extend these earlier findings relying on behavioral measures of "traits" which have found to be predictive of disruptive behaviors and drug dependence. All previous studies have examined only nonsocial behavior, in this application we propose to study a social behavior, aggression. We also propose to measure impulsivity via behavioral testing which other studies have not done. Risk-taking will also be compared under laboratory conditions. The proposed research will provide information about behavioral mechanisms operating in certain individuals who exhibit high or low probabilities of aggressive and/or impulsive behavior. Members of the three behaviorally defined groups will be described in terms of diagnostic categories: Conduct Disorder, ADHD and other personality dimensions. The three behavioral groups may differ in the manner in which they respond to aversive environmental stimuli and the effect such stimuli have on subsequent behavior. CD and ADHD individuals also are more likely to be impulsive and aggressive, which makes them less able to inhibit their own behavior. These aggressive and/or impulsive tendencies interact with the behavioral mechanisms discussed above to place such individuals at high risk for drug dependence, crime and other antisocial behavior. The behavioral mechanisms operating which cause a lack of sensitivity to aversive stimuli result in CD and ADHD individuals being less sensitive to the effects of punishment, extinction, changes in probability of reward and less likely to change their behavior accordingly, and more likely to take risks even in the face of declining positive outcomes. Demonstrating such fundamental differences may lead to different approaches in attempts to modify antisocial behavior among high risk populations with such behavioral tendencies.

描述：（申请人的摘要） 破坏性疾病，例如行为障碍（CD）和注意力不足 多动症（ADHD）与增加的风险有关 毒品依赖，犯罪和其他反社会行为。这些人 倾向于冲动，经常是积极进取的，并试图修改这种 行为通常不成功。其他人，观察行为 CD和ADHD青少年和成年人的模式很难 了解为什么这些模式持续存在。我们提出了这种方式 CD和ADHD个体的行为与他们的相互作用 在某些情况下，环境与此类互动截然不同 在大多数人口中。具体而言，CD和ADHD个人 对环境刺激信号不敏感即将厌恶 刺激或负面结果，甚至表现出厌恶刺激 试图改变他们的行为。 我们的应用将比较三组受试者的行为 实验室条件。我们将使用实验室定义这三组 侵略性和冲动的度量。第1组-Agg+ Imp+定义为高 在侵略性和冲动性中，侵略性2- agg+imp-侵略性和 在攻击性和冲动性方面，低冲动性和3型组合。 我们建议依靠行为措施扩展这些早期发现 发现的“特征”，这些特征可以预测颠覆性行为和 药物依赖。所有以前的研究都仅检查了非社交 行为，在此应用中，我们建议研究社会行为， 侵略。我们还建议通过行为测试测量冲动性 哪些研究尚未完成。冒险也将在 实验室条件。 拟议的研究将提供有关行为机制的信息 在某些表现出较高或低概率的人中运作 侵略性和/或冲动行为。这三个成员在行为上 定义的组将以诊断类别进行描述：行为 障碍，多动症和其他人格维度。这三个行为 群体的反应方式可能有所不同 环境刺激和这种刺激对随后的影响 行为。 CD和ADHD个人也更有可能是冲动的，并且 积极进取，这使他们无法抑制自己的行为。这些 侵略性和/或冲动倾向与行为相互作用 上面讨论的机制将这些人处于毒品的高风险 依赖，犯罪和其他反社会行为。行为机制 对厌恶刺激缺乏敏感性的操作导致CD 和多动症个人对惩罚的影响不太敏感， 灭绝，奖励的可能性变化，改变他们的可能性较小 相应的行为，即使面对 积极的结果下降。证明这种基本差异可能 导致尝试改变反社会行为的不同方法 具有这种行为趋势的高风险人群。