PROCESSING OF INFORMATION BY THE VESTIBULOSPINAL SYSTEM

前庭脊髓系统的信息处理

基本信息

批准号：
2733682
负责人：
ROBERT H SCHOR
金额：
$ 15.28万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1995-07-01 至 2000-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2733682
关键词：
cats decerebration head movements mathematical model model design /development neural information processing vestibular nuclei vestibuloocular reflex

项目摘要

The vestibular (balance system processes multisensory information, including that of labyrinthine, visual, and proprioceptive origin, and transforms it into appropriate motor patterns. This transformation involves both spatial and temporal processing of head angular velocity and linear acceleration (including head orientation relative to gravity). A natural spatial coordinate frame for processing head rotations is the planes of the semicircular canals; indeed, the three-neuron arc of the vestibuloocular reflex largely involves pairing of canals and extraocular muscles. The central theme of this application is that three-dimensional linear accelerations also have a natural coordinate frame defined by two planes: the mirror symmetry plane of the body (sagittal plan) and the horizontal plane (defined as the plane that is normally earth-horizontal with the animal standing). These planes correspond tot he planes of the otolith organs, the (sagittal) sacculus and (horizontal) utriculus. Most movements (both of cat and man) take place either within the sagittal plane (bending, jumping, locomotion), within the horizontal plane (turning, locomotion), or involve small tilts from the horizontal plane (to maintain upright posture). Using controlled vestibular stimulation and recordings from characterized single neurons in the cat vestibular nuclei, we will determine the three-dimensional accelerations to which this neuronal population is spatially tuned; we predict that these vectors will largely lie in the horizontal and sagittal planes. Such an organizational principle would simplify motor control program(s) for postural control. In previous studies examining the horizontal spatial coding within the brainstem (lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei an adjacent reticular formation), neurons responding to lateral movements were conspicuously more numerous than neurons responding to fore-aft movements. We will target the medial vestibular nucleus to test the hypothesis that spatial tuning vectors can be found that lie in the sagittal plane (stimulated by head pitch). This hypothesis is supported by observations that lesions of the medial vestibular nucleus affect vestibulo-autonomic reflexes (which respond well to linear accelerations in the sagittal plant). Temporal information about head movement is also processed by the vestibular system. Convergence has been observed between vertical canals and otolith organs; the organization of such convergence appears to follow a principle of similar spatial alignment. We will investigate convergence between horizontal canals and otolith organs, a pattern which would be important for extending the frequency response of neurons sensing head rotations about an off vertical cervical column. Converging signals from the labyrinth can exhibit differing spatial and temporal properties. The theoretical framework for the analysis of such spatial-temporal convergence (STC) will be continued to address a number of issues. An analysis of the effect of variability in the data on the estimation of response parameters will permit specification of objective criteria for identifying instances of significant STC responses. Extension of the theory to encompass linear and angular accelerations will permit modeling of realistic head movements.

前庭（平衡系统处理多感官信息，包括迷宫，视觉和本体感受的起源，以及将其转换为适当的电机图案。这种转变涉及头部角速度的空间和时间处理以及线性加速度（包括相对于重力的头部方向）。一个用于处理头部旋转的天然空间坐标框架是半圆形管的平面；确实，三个神经元的弧前庭反射在很大程度上涉及运河和外眼配对肌肉。该应用程序的中心主题是三维线性加速度还具有由两个定义的自然坐标框架飞机：身体的镜子对称平面（矢状计划）和水平平面（定义为通常是地球 - 荷叶的平面与动物站立）。这些飞机对应着耳石器官，（矢状）囊和（水平）utriculus。大多数动作（猫和人的动作）都发生在矢状平面（弯曲，跳跃，运动），在水平平面内（转弯，运动），或涉及水平面的小倾斜（维持直立的姿势）。使用受控的前庭刺激和记录从猫的前庭核中表征的单神经元中，我们将确定该神经元的三维加速度人口在空间上进行调整；我们预测这些向量将很大程度上位于水平和矢状平面中。这样的组织原理将简化用于姿势控制的运动控制程序。在先前研究的研究中脑干（外侧和下前庭核和邻近的网状核形成），对横向运动反应的神经元更明显比对前AFT运动的响应的神经元很多。我们将针对内侧前庭核测试空间调整的假设可以发现位于矢状平面的向量（被头部刺激沥青）。观察结果证明了这一假设内侧前庭核会影响前庭自治反射（对矢状厂中线性加速度的响应很好。有关头部运动的时间信息也由前庭系统。垂直管之间已经观察到收敛性和耳石器官；这种融合的组织似乎遵循类似空间对准的原理。我们将研究收敛在水平运河和耳石器官之间对于扩展神经元传感头的频率响应很重要围绕垂直宫颈柱的旋转。来自迷宫的融合信号可以表现出不同的空间和时间特性。分析的理论框架时空收敛（STC）将继续解决许多问题。分析数据中可变性的影响响应参数的估计将允许指定目标识别大量STC响应实例的标准。扩大涵盖线性和角度加速的理论将允许逼真的头部运动建模。