EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE SPEECH ANALOGUES

灵长类语音类似物的进化和发展

• 批准号: 2674782
• 负责人: Charles T. Snowdon
• 金额: $ 12.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-01 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2674782
• 关键词: Callithricidae; animal communication behavior; animal developmental psychology; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; biological models; cues; early experience; evolution; food; infant animal; language development; learning; preference; small social group; social status; socioenvironment; sociolinguistics; species difference; visual stimulus; vocalization; weaning

The study of the role of experience in vocal ontogeny in birds has been extremely influential on theories of human development, but few studies have demonstrated experiential influences in mammalian vocal development. Recent studies in birds and mammals have suggested a new form of socially- based vocal learning that appears in wide range of taxa, including nonhuman primates and humans. Three model systems are proposed that use pygmy marmosets and cotton-top tamarins to study the ontogeny of vocal production and vocal usage. 1. Food-associated Calls: These calls are produced when animals encounter a preferred food. Several studies are proposed to examine the function of these calls: Do they attract other group members or prevent others from approaching the food? Does the presence and nature of an audience (potential rivals versus infants and nursing females) influence call production? How are calls used to assist infants during weaning transitions as they encounter solid foods? Do infants have an adult-like structure and usage at the first appearance of these calls or is there a developmental progression in response to social cues from other group members? Do dominant animals within a group suppress the adult-like structure and usage of calls? 2. Infant Babbling: Babbling has been hypothesized to be of critical importance in human vocal development and babbling has parallels in the subsong and plastic song of young birds. Both species of monkeys show vocal babbling at the same relative developmental stage as human infants. Several studies are proposed to examine the frequency of occurrence, the behavioral contexts in which babbling occurs, the fine structure of babbling vocalizations and the degree to which babbling might serve as vocal practice leading to more adult-like structure. The function of babbling will be studied by comparing animals with different rates of infant babbling on several social and reproductive parameters when they become adult. 3. Social Influences on Vocal Structure: Monkeys alter vocal structure when paired with a new mate and when other changes in social groups occur. We will examine the stability of vocal changes during the first year after pairing and whether paired monkeys, briefly separated from each other, adjust vocal structure to match changes in their partner's separation calls. The overall goal of this research is to develop non-human primate models that can supplement more traditional bird song models to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary and developmental influences in human vocal communication. Nonhuman primate vocalizations are much more similar to human vocalizations than bird song, and thus can aid in theory development and practical solutions to disorders in human language development.

研究经验在鸟类中发育中的作用的研究已经 对人类发展理论的影响极大，但很少有研究 已经在哺乳动物发育中表现出了体验影响。 最近对鸟类和哺乳动物的研究提出了一种新的社会形式 基于广泛分类单元的基于基于的声音学习，包括 非人类灵长类动物和人类。 提出了三个模型系统 侏儒mar虫和棉花塔玛蛋白，研究人声的个体 生产和声音用法。 1。与食物相关的电话：这些电话是 当动物遇到首选食物时，会产生。 有几项研究 提议检查这些电话的功能：它们吸引了其他 小组成员还是阻止其他人接近食物？ 做 听众的存在和性质（潜在的竞争对手与婴儿和 护理女性）影响呼叫产量？ 用来如何协助电话 在断奶过渡期间，婴儿遇到固体食物时？ 做 婴儿在首次出现时具有类似成人的结构和用法 这些呼吁还是有发展的发展，以应对社会 其他小组成员的提示？ 在一组中占主导地位 抑制类似成人的结构和通话的使用？ 2。婴儿bablbling： 假设Babbling在人声中至关重要 开发和巴布尔在Subsong和塑料歌曲中具有相似之处 幼鸟。 两种猴子都表现出声音在同一 作为人类婴儿的相对发育阶段。 有几项研究 提议检查发生频率，行为环境 在这种情况下发生，Babbling发声的精细结构和 Babbling可以作为声音实践的程度导致更多 成人样结构。 Babbling的功能将由 比较动物的婴儿率在几个 社会和生殖参数成年时。 3。社会 对人声结构的影响：猴子成对时会改变人声结构 随着新伴侣的发展以及社会群体的其他变化。 我们将 检查配对后第一年的声音变化的稳定性 以及对配对的猴子是否彼此短暂分离，调整 符合伴侣分离电话的变化的人声结构。 这 这项研究的总体目标是开发非人类的灵长类动物模型 可以补充更多传统的鸟类歌曲模型以获得更好的 了解人类的进化和发展影响 声带交流。 非人类灵长类动物的发声更为相似 对人的发声而不是鸟歌，因此可以帮助理论上有助于 人类语言疾病的发展和实用解决方案 发展。