EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE SPEECH ANALOGUES

灵长类语音类似物的进化和发展

基本信息

批准号：
2674782
负责人：
Charles T. Snowdon
金额：
$ 12.99万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1990-09-01 至 2000-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The study of the role of experience in vocal ontogeny in birds has been extremely influential on theories of human development, but few studies have demonstrated experiential influences in mammalian vocal development. Recent studies in birds and mammals have suggested a new form of socially- based vocal learning that appears in wide range of taxa, including nonhuman primates and humans. Three model systems are proposed that use pygmy marmosets and cotton-top tamarins to study the ontogeny of vocal production and vocal usage. 1. Food-associated Calls: These calls are produced when animals encounter a preferred food. Several studies are proposed to examine the function of these calls: Do they attract other group members or prevent others from approaching the food? Does the presence and nature of an audience (potential rivals versus infants and nursing females) influence call production? How are calls used to assist infants during weaning transitions as they encounter solid foods? Do infants have an adult-like structure and usage at the first appearance of these calls or is there a developmental progression in response to social cues from other group members? Do dominant animals within a group suppress the adult-like structure and usage of calls? 2. Infant Babbling: Babbling has been hypothesized to be of critical importance in human vocal development and babbling has parallels in the subsong and plastic song of young birds. Both species of monkeys show vocal babbling at the same relative developmental stage as human infants. Several studies are proposed to examine the frequency of occurrence, the behavioral contexts in which babbling occurs, the fine structure of babbling vocalizations and the degree to which babbling might serve as vocal practice leading to more adult-like structure. The function of babbling will be studied by comparing animals with different rates of infant babbling on several social and reproductive parameters when they become adult. 3. Social Influences on Vocal Structure: Monkeys alter vocal structure when paired with a new mate and when other changes in social groups occur. We will examine the stability of vocal changes during the first year after pairing and whether paired monkeys, briefly separated from each other, adjust vocal structure to match changes in their partner's separation calls. The overall goal of this research is to develop non-human primate models that can supplement more traditional bird song models to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary and developmental influences in human vocal communication. Nonhuman primate vocalizations are much more similar to human vocalizations than bird song, and thus can aid in theory development and practical solutions to disorders in human language development.

关于经验在鸟类发声个体发育中的作用的研究已经对人类发展理论影响极大，但研究很少已证明经验对哺乳动物声音发育的影响。最近对鸟类和哺乳动物的研究提出了一种新的社会形式基于声音的学习出现在广泛的分类群中，包括非人类灵长类动物和人类。提出了三种模型系统，使用侏儒狨猴和棉顶狨猴研究发声的个体发育制作和声音使用。 1. 与食物相关的呼叫：这些呼叫是当动物遇到偏爱的食物时就会产生。多项研究是建议检查这些电话的功能：它们是否吸引其他电话小组成员或阻止其他人接近食物？是否观众的存在和性质（潜在的竞争对手与婴儿和哺乳期女性）影响叫声的产生？如何使用呼叫来提供帮助婴儿在断奶过渡期间遇到固体食物时？做婴儿在第一次出现时具有类似成人的结构和用法这些呼唤或是否存在响应社交的发展进程来自其他小组成员的提示？在群体中做占主导地位的动物抑制类似成人的结构和调用方式？ 2. 婴儿牙牙学语：据推测，牙牙学语对于人类声音至关重要发展和胡言乱语在亚歌和塑料歌曲中有相似之处幼鸟。两种猴子同时发出咿呀学语的声音与人类婴儿的相对发育阶段。多项研究是建议检查发生频率、行为背景咿呀学语发生的地方、咿呀学语发声的精细结构和牙牙学语可以作为声音练习的程度，从而带来更多类似成人的结构。胡言乱语的功能将被研究比较不同婴儿咿呀学语率的动物成年后的社会和生殖参数。 3. 社交对声音结构的影响：猴子在配对时会改变声音结构与新伴侣以及社会群体发生其他变化时。我们将检查配对后第一年声音变化的稳定性配对的猴子在短暂分离后是否会调整声音结构以匹配伴侣分离呼叫的变化。这这项研究的总体目标是开发非人类灵长类动物模型可以补充更多的传统鸟鸣模型以获得更好的效果了解人类进化和发展的影响声音交流。非人类灵长类动物的发声更加相似人类发声比鸟鸣更重要，因此在理论上可以提供帮助人类语言障碍的发展和实用解决方案发展。