MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EPITRACHEAL ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

气管外内分泌系统的分子生理学

• 批准号: 2005123
• 负责人: MICHAEL E ADAMS
• 金额: $ 31.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-03-01 至 2002-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2005123
• 关键词: Aedes; Drosophilidae; Manduca; bioassay; biological signal transduction; central nervous system; complementary DNA; cyclic AMP; cyclic GMP; endocrine gland /system; gene expression; genetic library; high performance liquid chromatography; hormone biosynthesis; hormone receptor; hormone regulation /control mechanism; juvenile hormones; mass spectrometry; molecular cloning; molting; neuroendocrine system; polymerase chain reaction

Insect development from larva to adult depends on the repeated shedding of old cuticle via a highly stereotyped behavior called ecdysis. We recently identified a novel, segmentally distributed endocrine system of epitracheal glands (EG) in Manduca sexta that produce "ecdysis- triggering hormone" (ETH). Our preliminary data suggests that the brain peptide eclosion hormone, formerly thought to act on the nervous system, actually triggers ETH release from the EG. Released ETH provides an immediate chemical signal for ecdysis through its direct action on the central nervous system. Additional peptides associated with ETH (ETH-APs) and FMRFamide-like peptides (FLP) also are produced by the EG during the intermolt period and probably are required for the full expression of ecdysis behavior. The discovery of the epitracheal glands and ETH requires a re-definition of the endocrine basis of ecdysis in insects. The objectives of the proposal are to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling the release of EG hormones and to define their functional roles in the orchestration of ecdysis, a complex behavioral process that is critical in the life history of insects. The first objective will be to isolate and obtain amino acid sequences for ETH-like peptides and FLPs. These sequences will be used for production of specific antisera and isolation of their cDNA precursors and genes. The second objective will be elucidate the mechanisms governing expression of release of ETHs and FLPs from the EG. The roles of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone in regulation of ETH and FLP expression in the EG as well as the sensitivity of EGs to eclosion hormone and/or other potential releasing factors will be examined. The signal transduction steps involved in eclosion hormone-induced release of ETH and FLP from the EGs will be evaluated. The third objective will be to evaluate the signaling pathways underlying ETH action on the nervous system and to identify the ETH receptor. The long range goals of this proposal are to describe the molecular and physiological bases for ecdysis behavior in insects. The simplicity of the EG system, composed of glands containing only 1-3 cells, provides an excellent model for examination of endocrine function at the cellular, developmental, and molecular levels. Since ecdysis is crucial for successful development of insects and other arthropods, understanding the regulatory mechanisms which underlie these precisely timed and synchronized processes may help in the biological control of pest insects and possibly other arthropods.

昆虫从幼虫到成人的发育取决于反复的脱落 通过高度定型的行为称为递归的旧角质层。我们 最近确定了一种小说，分布的内分泌系统 在甘达·塞克斯塔（Manduca Sexta 触发激素”（ETH）。我们的初步数据表明大脑 肽ECOLOSION激素，以前被认为是对紧张的作用 系统，实际上会触发ETH从EG中释放。发布ETH 通过其直接递归提供了即时的化学信号 对中枢神经系统的作用。相关的其他肽 还产生了具有ETH（ETH-APS）和FMRFAMIDE样肽（FLP） 在摩尔特期间的EG，可能需要 递归行为的完全表达。发现上聚集的发现 腺体和ETH需要重新定义内分泌基础 昆虫的逐步分析。该提案的目标是阐明 控制EG激素的释放和TO的调节机制 定义它们在递归编排中的功能作用，一个 复杂的行为过程在生活史中至关重要 昆虫。 第一个目标是隔离和获得氨基酸序列 用于ETH样肽和FLP。这些序列将用于 特定抗血清的产生和cDNA前体的分离 和基因。第二个目标将是阐明机制 管理EG的ETH和FLP的释放的表达。角色 ETH和FLP调节中的ecdysteloids和少年激素 EG的表达以及EG对Eclosion的敏感性 将检查激素和/或其他潜在释放因素。这 ECLOSON激素诱导的释放涉及的信号转导步骤 将评估来自EGS的ETH和FLP。第三个目标将 评估对ETH的信号通路在 神经系统并识别ETH受体。 该提案的远距离目标是描述分子和 昆虫递归行为的生理基础。简单 由仅包含1-3个细胞的腺体组成的EG系统提供 一个很好的模型，用于检查内分泌功能 细胞，发育和分子水平。由于束缚至关重要 为了成功发展昆虫和其他节肢动物， 了解这些精确基于这些的监管机制 定时和同步过程可能有助于 害虫，可能是其他节肢动物。