DISCOURSE, SEMANTICS, AND SYNTAX

话语、语义和句法

• 批准号: 2014454
• 负责人: GAIL A MCKOON
• 金额: $ 18.89万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2014454
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; human subject; information retrieval; information systems; information theory; language; psycholinguistics; semantics; short term memory; speech recognition; syntax

DESCRIPTION: (Investigator's abstract) Information conveyed through language is usually understood effortlessly. Typically, all facets of a message--semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, social--are processed with little conscious awareness. The goal of the research described in this proposal is to investigate how several of these facets interact. Using linguistic constructions that have been focal points of recent research, the research investigates how the semantic representations of verbs determine the discourse-relevant meanings of syntactic phrases, how lexical event structures can lead to comprehension of information that is inherently ambiguous, and how syntactic phrases can distinguish between information that is currently accessible in a discourse and information that must be retrieved from long-term memory. In each case, new hypotheses are offered and psycholinguistic experiments are designed to test the hypotheses. The proposed hypotheses represent a new view of the relationships among syntax, the meanings of words (lexical semantics), and discourse processing. What makes the view different from other current ideas is the emphasis on syntactic and lexical-syntactic structures as carriers of semantic and discourse information, an emphasis that insists on interactive investigations of discourse, semantics and syntax. This view is new to psychology and so one aim is to work from specific examples toward a general framework. Once significant progress is achieved, consequences should become apparent for understanding the pathologies that impair language faculties and developing remedial treatments. Furthermore, understanding of the interactions of discourse, semantics and syntax will be essential in designing and refining computer assisted reading and comprehension devices.

描述：（研究者的摘要）通过传达的信息 语言通常会毫不费力地理解。 通常，一个方面的所有方面 消息 - 语义，句法，务实，社交 - 几乎没有处理 有意识的意识。 该提议中描述的研究的目的是 调查这些方面中的几个相互作用。 使用语言 这是最近研究的重点的构造 研究动词的语义表示如何确定 句法短语与话语相关的含义，词汇事件如何 结构可以导致理解本质上的信息 模棱两可，以及句法短语如何区分信息 目前可以在某种话语和必须是的信息中访问 从长期记忆中检索。 在每种情况下，都提供新的假设 心理语言实验旨在检验假设。 提出的假设代表了对关系之间关系的新观点 语法，单词的含义（词汇语义）和话语处理。 使观点与其他当前思想不同的是强调 句法和词法 - 句法结构作为语义和语义载体 话语信息，强调互动的重点 对话语，语义和语法的调查。 这种观点是新的 心理学，因此一个目的是从特定的例子到一般 框架。 一旦取得了重大进展，后果就应该 明显地了解损害语言的病理 学院和发展补救措施。 此外，对 话语，语义和语法的互动在 设计和完善计算机辅助阅读和理解设备。