LEARNING AND INTEGRATION OF BEHAVIORAL SEQUENCES

行为序列的学习和整合

• 批准号: 2392878
• 负责人: HERBERT S. TERRACE
• 金额: $ 28.62万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-04-01 至 1999-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2392878
• 关键词: Cebidae; animal developmental psychology; behavioral /social science research tag; cognition; ethology; evolution; intelligence; learning; memory; neural information processing; performance; pigeons; sequential perception

How are behavioral sequences learned and integrated? The proposed research seeks to gain insight into processes underlying serially organized behavior by studying its cognitive development in animals. That strategy eliminates two factors that complicate the study of serially organized behavior in human subjects: language and experience with serial tasks. The investigation of serial learning in animals also provides a comparative perspective of different mechanisms of serially organized behavior. How arbitrary sequences are learned and integrated will be studied through recently developed techniques for training pigeons and monkeys to produce and recall lists of arbitrary stimuli. In the "simultaneous" chaining paradigm, all of the stimuli and opportunities to respond are available simultaneously, a key feature of serial tasks used in verbal learning experiments on human subjects. Only the configuration of list items is changed from trial to trial. Since nothing in the subject's external environment changes as it performs the sequence, exteroceptive feedback cannot explain its ability to produce the required sequence. Nor can proprioceptive feedback: each item appears equally often in each possible position. Recall is trained by a matching- to-successive-samples paradigm in which the subject is required to produce, as a simultaneous chain, lists displayed as the sample. In most instances, lists will consist of digitized color photographs that are displayed on a touch-sensitive video monitor. The nature of representations that mediate sequence production will be studied by determining (1) how list learning changes with successive lists, (2) a monkey s and a pigeon's ability to "chunk" the sequences it recognizes and/or produces, (3) a subject's knowledge of the ordinal position of items in a list, (4) how shifts in the configuration of the list items during the execution of the list effect performance, (5) how learning lists of a particular length effect the acquisition of longer or shorter lists, and (6) whether pigeons and monkeys remember photographs used as list items as unitary objects or as unorganized sets of features. The results of these experiments should provide an animal model of serial learning and an evolutionary perspective for the contribution of verbal mediation to the organization of human serial behavior. The proposed research should also have two important interdisciplinary ramifications. It can provide preparations for studying the neural control of serially organized behavior. The non-verbal serial tasks that will be used with pigeons-and monkeys can also be used with preverbal children in ways that would reveal the contributions that language subsequently makes to the basic cognitive skills needed to perform those tasks.

行为序列是如何学习和整合的？拟议的 研究旨在深入了解串行的底层流程 通过研究动物的认知发展来组织行为。那 策略消除了使串行研究复杂化的两个因素 人类受试者的有组织行为：语言和序列经验 任务。对动物连续学习的研究也提供了一个 串行组织不同机制的比较视角 行为。如何学习和整合任意序列 通过最近开发的训练鸽子的技术进行研究 猴子产生并回忆任意刺激的列表。在 “同时”链接范式，所有的刺激和机会 可以同时进行响应，这是串行任务的一个关键特征 用于人类受试者的言语学习实验。只有 列表项的配置在每次试验中都会发生变化。既然什么都没有 当主体执行以下操作时，其外部环境会发生变化 序列，外感受反馈不能解释其产生的能力 所需的顺序。本体感受反馈也不能：每个项目都会出现 在每个可能的位置上同样频繁地出现。召回率是通过匹配来训练的 连续样本范例，其中受试者需要 作为同步链，生成显示为示例的列表。在大多数 例如，列表将包含数字化彩色照片 显示在触摸式视频监视器上。的性质 介导序列产生的表征将被研究 确定 (1) 列表学习如何随着连续列表而变化，(2) 猴子和鸽子将其识别的序列“分块”的能力 和/或产生，（3）主体对序数位置的了解 列表中的项目，(4) 列表项目的配置如何变化 在执行列表效果表现的过程中，（5）如何学习 特定长度的列表会影响更长或更短的获取 列表，以及（6）鸽子和猴子是否记得用作 将项目列为单一对象或无组织的功能集。这 这些实验的结果应该提供一个连续的动物模型 语言贡献的学习和进化视角 调解人类串行行为的组织。拟议的 研究还应该具有两个重要的跨学科影响。 为研究串行神经控制提供准备 有组织的行为。将使用的非语言串行任务 鸽子和猴子也可以用在不会说话的儿童身上，其方式如下： 将揭示语言随后对世界做出的贡献 执行这些任务所需的基本认知技能。