Structural Racism and Black American Mental Health: Neurophysiological Mechanisms and Sociocultural Processes Promoting Resilience During the Transition to Adulthood

结构性种族主义和美国黑人心理健康：神经生理机制和社会文化过程促进成年过渡期间的复原力

• 批准号: 10473914
• 负责人: Luke Williamson Hyde
• 金额: $ 77.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-07 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10473914
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Birth; Black American; Buffers; Censuses; Child; Child Rearing; Child Welfare; Chronic; Cities; Communities; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Collection; Development; Dimensions; Discrimination; Disease; Elements; Exclusion; Exposure to; Family; Foundations; Geography; Goals; Health; Immune; Individual; Intervention; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Neighborhoods; Neurosciences; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Physiological; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Process; Psychology; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reduce health disparities; Religion and Spirituality; Research; Resources; Risk; Role; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Schools; Socialization; Sociology; Stress; Structural Racism; Structure; System; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Variant; Violence; Well in self; base; caucasian American; cohort; community-level factor; critical developmental period; emerging adult; evidence base; experience; health disparity; health equity promotion; health inequalities; neurophysiology; physical conditioning; racial health disparity; racial identity; racism; residential segregation; resilience; response; segregation; social cohesion; social culture; young adult

Although there is clear evidence that individual racism experiences can have negative effects on mental health, few studies have examined structural racism and discrimination (SRD) as a determinant of mental health, nor have studies examined the mechanisms by which structural racism undermines mental health. This project will elucidate: (i) neurophysiological stress mechanisms by which SRD impacts mental health; and (ii) sociocultural factors that influence the impact of SRD on mental health during the transition to adulthood. The central hypothesis is that SRD will predict poor mental health by impacting neurophysiological stress systems, while individual, family, and sociocultural factors will moderate the impact of structural racism on neurophysiology and mental health. This hypothesis will be tested across three specific aims: 1) Determine the associations between organizational/institutional, neighborhood/community, and societal indicators of SRD (e.g., residential segregation, discriminatory lending practices, school disciplinary and criminal justice practices, proximity to racist statues) and mental health by measuring aspects of SRD at the level of state, neighborhood, and census tract; 2) Elucidate neurophysiological stress mechanisms linking SRD and mental health at three levels: corticolimbic, autonomic, and immune; and 3) Identify individual vulnerability (i.e., chronic exposure to poverty and violence) and family, cultural, and community resilience factors (e.g., racial identity, racial socialization, religious involvement) that moderate the SRD-mental health link. We will test these associations in a sample of 850 young adults from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. This ongoing study of children born to families from predominantly low-income backgrounds has multiple scientific strengths: 1) Children were assessed at birth, 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 21, and 22 years; 2) The sample is representative of children born in large cities with considerable variation across cities in segregation and criminal justice policy and implementation; and 3) Participants are entering early adulthood, a critical developmental period of increased risk for poor mental health outcomes. By identifying these SRD-mental health pathways using multi- level (i.e., individual, institutional, and cultural racism) and multi-domain (i.e., organization/institutional, neighborhood/community, societal) indicators of racism across diverse geographic units, with multiple measures of neurophysiology, and measurement of sociocultural resilience factors in a 22-year longitudinal birth cohort sample, the study will provide a strong evidence-base to inform new opportunities for structural and therapeutic interventions to decrease structural racism, eliminate racial health disparities, and promote health equity.

尽管有明确证据表明个人的种族主义经历会对心理产生负面影响 健康方面，很少有研究将结构性种族主义和歧视（SRD）作为精神健康的决定因素进行检验。 健康方面，也没有研究探讨结构性种族主义破坏心理健康的机制。 该项目将阐明：(i) SRD 影响心理健康的神经生理应激机制； (ii) 社会文化因素影响 SRD 对心理健康的影响 成年期。核心假设是，SRD 将通过影响神经生理学来预测不良的心理健康状况。 压力系统，而个人、家庭和社会文化因素将减轻结构性种族主义的影响 关于神经生理学和心理健康。该假设将通过三个具体目标进行测试：1) 确定 组织/机构、邻里/社区和社会指标之间的关联 SRD（例如，居住隔离、歧视性贷款做法、学校纪律和刑事司法 做法、接近种族主义雕像）和心理健康，通过在国家层面衡量SRD的各个方面， 社区和人口普查区； 2) 阐明SRD与心理之间的神经生理应激机制 三个层面的健康：皮质边缘、自主神经和免疫； 3) 识别个人漏洞（即 长期遭受贫困和暴力）以及家庭、文化和社区复原力因素（例如种族 身份、种族社会化、宗教参与）调节 SRD 与心理健康的联系。我们将测试 脆弱家庭和儿童福祉研究的 850 名年轻人样本中发现了这些关联。这 正在进行的针对低收入家庭所生儿童的研究具有多种科学依据 优势： 1) 儿童在出生、1、3、5、9、15、21 和 22 岁时进行评估； 2）样本具有代表性 大城市出生的儿童在隔离和刑事司法方面存在很大差异 政策和实施； 3) 参与者正进入成年早期，这是一个关键的发展时期 不良心理健康结果的风险增加。通过使用多种方法识别这些 SRD 心理健康途径 层面（即个人、机构和文化种族主义）和多领域（即组织/机构、 邻里/社区、社会）跨不同地理单位的种族主义指标，有多种 神经生理学测量和 22 年纵向社会文化弹性因素测量 出生队列样本，该研究将提供强有力的证据基础，为结构性研究提供新的机会 和治疗干预措施，以减少结构性种族主义、消除种族健康差异并促进 健康公平。