PATTERN FORMATION IN A CIRCULAR NERVOUS SYSTEM

循环神经系统中的模式形成

• 批准号: 2269606
• 负责人: RUDOLF A RAFF
• 金额: $ 8.99万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-05-01 至 1996-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2269606
• 关键词: alternatives to animals in research; biomarker; developmental neurobiology; evolution; gene expression; genetic library; genetic translation; homeobox genes; invertebrate embryology; laboratory rabbit; molecular cloning; monoclonal antibody; nerve /myelin protein; sea urchins

The origins of the major animal body plans pose a challenging problem in evolutionary and developmental biology. There are about 35 recognized living animal phyla, each representing a distinct major body plan. These have shown an extraordinary evolutionary stability for over 500 million years. The developmental basis for transformations between body plans and for origins of body plans from more primitive evolutionary precursors are not known. The radial body plan of echinoderms has evolved from the bilaterally symmetrical body plan that their ancestors shared with the ancestors of the vertebrates. The circular sea urchin nervous system exemplifies this transformation. We will investigate changes in gene action involved in evolution of a radial CNS by use of a direct-developing species, whose large embryos develop into the adult morphology by 4 days after fertilization, and provide a unique experimental system. The specific aims of this project will be to (1) analyze the embryonic development of the circular nervous system; (2) identify molecular markers for the adult sea urchin nervous system; (3) determine expression patterns of homeobox-containing genes in development of the nervous system; (4) analyze functional roles of homeobox genes in patterning a radial nervous system. An evolutionary perspective on development offers an alternate way to understand how developmental programs work, what constraints on change exist, and how universal are genes that govern patterning. An understanding of these basic developmental regulatory mechanisms is vital to understanding congenital defects in human development and possible approaches to their prevention.

主要动物团体计划的起源构成了一个具有挑战性的问题 进化和发展生物学。 大约有35个认可 活的动物门，每个门都代表一个独特的主要身体计划。 这些 已经显示出超过5亿的进化稳定性 年。 身体计划之间转变的发展基础 以及从更原始的进化前体的身体计划的起源 不知道。 棘皮动物的径向体计划已从 双侧对称的身体计划，其祖先与 脊椎动物的祖先。 圆形海胆神经系统 体现了这种转变。 我们将研究基因的变化 通过使用 直接发育的物种，其大胚胎发展成成人 施肥后4天的形态，并提供独特的形态 实验系统。 该项目的具体目的是（1） 分析循环神经系统的胚胎发育； （2） 确定成人海胆神经系统的分子标记； （3） 确定发育中含同源蛋白酶基因的表达模式 神经系统； （4）分析同源基因在 对径向神经系统进行图案。 关于进化的观点 开发提供了一种替代方法来了解发展 程序有效，存在什么限制以及普遍性 控制图案的基因。 对这些基本的理解 发展监管机制对于理解先天性至关重要 人类发展的缺陷和预防的可能方法。