THE ROLES OF IDENTIFIED SEROTONIN AND OCTAPAMINE NEURONS

已确定的血清素和八胺神经元的作用

• 批准号: 3760836
• 负责人: EDWARD A KRAVITZ
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3760836
• 关键词: DNA binding protein; Malacostraca; aggression; alternatives to animals in research; biological models; central nervous system; circadian rhythms; developmental neurobiology; ecdysone; electrochemistry; electrophysiology; ethology; gamma aminobutyrate; high performance liquid chromatography; immunocytochemistry; in situ hybridization; messenger RNA; microelectrodes; molting; neuroanatomy; neurons; neuropeptides; neurotransmitter metabolism; octopamine; radioimmunoassay; serotonin; steroid hormone receptor; temperature

A major goal of our laboratory is to try to understand the roles amines and peptides serve in neuronal function. Towards that goal, over the last 15 years, we have developed a model system that involves two amines, octopamine and serotonin, and several peptides, proctolin, TNRNFLRFamide and peptide G1 (a peptide that specifically turns of cGMP metabolism in lobsters), whose functions we have been studying at multiple levels of organization in the lobster nervous system. This application focusses on specific subsets of octopamine- and serotonin-containing neurons found in the lobster ventral nerve cord (CNS), explores their physiological properties, and examines their possible roles in aggressive behavior. One great virtue of invertebrate model systems is that detailed analyses can be performed of the biochemical and physiological properties and functional roles of single identified neurons. We take advantage of that virtue with the present application, which asks the following specific questions. (1) How are a specific subset of serotonin-containing neurons concerned with postural regulation activated, and what factors regulate their firing rate? (2) Can we identify the specific subset of octopamine-containing neurons concerned with postural regulation? (3) How are these neurons activated and what factors influence their firing rate? (4) How do octopamine- containing neurons interact with serotonin-containing neurons? (5) Does interference with amine neuron function influence the aggressive status or position in a hierarchy of behaving lobsters? (6) Are the properties of amine neurons changes or is there any alteration in amine levels in lobsters as a result of behavioral interactions, like the establishment of a hierarchy? (7) Do amine levels change in individual neurons during a molt cycle or with growth and development of animals? Understanding amine-neuron function in the CNS remains a challenging and important area of investigation. We know that drugs that interfere with amine actions or metabolism can have profound effects on human behavior (Eg. cocaine, LSD, amphetamines), and in some cases we know or strongly suspect that abnormal amine-neuron function is the cause of a major neurological disorder (Eg. the loss of dopamine neurons and Parkinson's disease, excess dopamine and schizophrenia, norepinephrine and serotonin levels and major depressive illness, serotonin levels and sleep disorders). Our studies focus on the possible role of amine neurons in aggressive behavior in lobsters. As such they offer a potential biological model which may be of some use in understanding the complex social issue of violent behavior.

我们实验室的主要目标是试图了解胺和 肽在神经元功能中发挥作用。 朝向这个目标，在过去的15个目标中 多年来，我们已经开发了一个涉及两个胺的模型系统， 章鱼胺和5-羟色胺，以及几种肽，Proctolin，tnrnflrfamide 和肽G1（专门转旋CGMP代谢的肽 龙虾），我们一直在多个级别进行研究的功能 龙虾神经系统中的组织。 此应用程序着重于 在 龙虾腹神经线（CNS）探索其生理 属性，并检查它们在攻击行为中的可能作用。 一 无脊椎动物模型系统的伟大优点是，详细的分析可以是 进行生化和生理特性以及功能 单个鉴定神经元的作用。 我们利用这种美德 本应用程序，询问以下特定问题。 （1） 如何相关的含5-羟色胺神经元的特定子集 姿势调节被激活，哪些因素调节其发射率？ （2）我们可以识别含有章鱼胺神经元的特定子集 关注姿势法规？ （3）这些神经元如何激活 哪些因素会影响其发射率？ （4）章鱼胺如何 包含神经元与含5-羟色胺的神经元相互作用？ （5）做 干扰胺神经元功能会影响侵略性状态或 在行为龙虾的层次结构中的位置？ （6）是 胺神经元改变或在胺水平上发生任何变化 行为互动的结果，例如建立 层次结构？ （7）在一个过程中，单个神经元的胺水平会改变 蜕皮周期还是动物的生长和发展？ 了解中枢神经系统中的胺神经元功能仍然是一个挑战性的 重要的调查领域。 我们知道会干扰的药物 胺作用或代谢可能对人类行为产生深远影响 （例如可卡因，LSD，苯丙胺），在某些情况下我们知道或强烈 怀疑异常的胺神经元功能是主要的原因 神经系统疾病（例如，多巴胺神经元和帕金森氏症的丧失 疾病，多巴胺和精神分裂症，去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺 水平和重度抑郁症，5-羟色胺水平和睡眠障碍）。 我们的研究集中于胺神经元在侵略性中的可能作用 龙虾的行为。 因此，它们提供了潜在的生物学模型 在理解复杂的社会问题时，这可能有所使用 暴力行为。