Elucidating neural circuits and pupil readouts of motivated effortful listening

阐明积极努力倾听的神经回路和瞳孔读数

• 批准号: 10450668
• 负责人: Matthew J McGinley
• 金额: $ 48.15万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10450668
• 关键词: Acetylcholine; Acoustic Nerve; Animals; Area; Arousal; Attention; Audiology; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Axon; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain region; Cochlear Implants; Code; Cognitive; Data; Detection; Employment; Environment; Eye; Fatigue; Feedback; Foundations; Goals; Head; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Hearing Tests; Human; Image; Immersion; Individual; Laboratories; Lead; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Modernization; Motivation; Mus; Mydriasis; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Noise; Norepinephrine; Ouabain; Patients; Performance; Phase; Physiological; Physiology; Process; Psyche structure; Pupil; Quality of life; Reporting; Resources; Rewards; Rodent; Rogaine; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Statistical Models; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Tonic Pupil; Update; Vulnerable Populations; Whole-Cell Recordings; Work; auditory feedback; behavior prediction; cholinergic; cognitive function; cognitive process; design; experience; experimental study; frontal lobe; hearing impairment; high reward; improved; neural circuit; neuroregulation; noradrenergic; normal hearing; optogenetics; patient population; patient screening; relating to nervous system; sensory cortex; sound; sugar; tool; two-photon

Project Summary . Attending to a speaker in a noisy environment, such as a cocktail party, can be an effortless and pleasantly immersive experience for individuals with normal hearing and cognitive function. However, for individuals with hearing loss, this ‘listening effort’ is their primary complaint, and can be a severe source of stress and fatigue that impacts their quality of life and employment. Unlike an audiogram, which can be measured objectively, listening effort is a high-level cognitive process, and challenging to measure. Pupillometry, measuring the size of the pupil of the eye, has proven extremely useful as a physiological readout of listening effort. However, we have very little understanding about the neural interactions underlie mental effort, and therefore do not know what the pupil tells us, specifically, about these circuits. Experiments are needed that behaviorally engage listening effort while probing the underlying neural circuits mechanisms, and determining which circuit interactions are read out by pupil dilation. Our laboratory has recently developed a behavioral approach to study the attentional component of listening effort (attentional effort), in mice. Mice report detection of temporal coherence in ongoing noise by licking for sugar reward. We parametrically vary the difficulty on each trial, and manipulate listening effort by changing reward volume in blocks of trials. We find that mice expend more attentional effort during high-reward blocks, resulting in better detection of temporal coherence during blocks. In parallel work, we have extensively characterized the physiological correlates in the auditory system of several pupillometry metrics during a simpler auditory detection behavior. Furthermore, human and animal work consistently show that frontal cortex structures that combine task performance and motivational information are active during attentional effort. These results lead to the following central hypothesis: differences in cortical coding between states of low and high reward, result from changes in modulation on fast and slow time scales, together with auditory-frontal interactions that enhance coding of high-value sounds and provide feedback signals that improve subsequent performance, and that these circuits are upregulated after hearing loss. We will test this hypothesis by electrically recording from neurons in the auditory cortex and assaying their coding of sounds, while two-photon imaging or optopgenetically manipulating inputs from neuromodulatory systems or frontal cortex, and doing pupillometry during our listening effort task. Our results will reveal the contributions of neuromodulatory and frontal cortex inputs to auditory cortex to shifts in listening effort allocated to temporal coherence detection, and will directly relate multiple pupil metrics and statistical modeling approaches to these circuit mechanisms.

项目摘要。 在嘈杂的环境中（例如鸡尾酒会）出席演讲者可能是一件轻松而轻松的事情 然而，对于听力和认知功能正常的人来说，这是一种愉快的沉浸式体验。 对于患有听力损失的人来说，这种“倾听努力”是他们的主要抱怨，并且可能是严重的压力来源 与可以测量的听力图不同，疲劳会影响他们的生活质量和就业。 客观地，听力努力是一个高级认知过程，并且很难测量。 眼睛瞳孔的大小，已被证明作为听力努力的生理读数非常有用。 然而，我们对脑力劳动背后的神经相互作用知之甚少，因此 不知道学生告诉我们什么，具体来说，需要进行行为实验。 投入倾听的努力，同时探索潜在的神经回路机制，并确定哪个回路 我们的实验室最近开发了一种行为研究方法。 小鼠的听力努力（注意力努力）的注意力部分报告检测到时间。 通过舔糖奖励来保持持续噪音的连贯性，并且我们参数化地改变每次试验的难度。 通过改变试验块中的奖励量来控制听力努力我们发现小鼠花费更多。 高奖励块期间的注意力努力，导致更好地检测块期间的时间一致性。 并行工作中，我们广泛地描述了几种听觉系统的生理相关性 此外，人类和动物在更简单的听觉检测行为中的瞳孔测量指标。 一致表明，结合任务表现和动机信息的额叶皮层结构是 这些结果得出以下中心假设：皮质差异。 低奖励和高奖励状态之间的编码，是由快速和慢速时间尺度上的调制变化引起的， 与听觉-额叶相互作用一起增强高价值声音的编码并提供反馈 提高后续表现的信号，并且这些电路在听力损失后会被上调。 通过听觉皮层神经元的电记录并分析它们的编码来检验这一假设 声音，同时双光子成像或光遗传学操纵来自神经调节系统的输入或 我们的结果将揭示额叶皮层，并在我们的听力努力任务中进行瞳孔测量。 神经调节和额叶皮层输入到听觉皮层，以改变分配给颞叶的听力努力 一致性检测，并将直接将多个瞳孔指标和统计建模方法与这些方法联系起来 电路机制。