Genetic factors controlling the intensity of social behavior

控制社会行为强度的遗传因素

• 批准号: 10413011
• 负责人: KENTA ASAHINA
• 金额: $ 48.93万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-11 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10413011
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Aggressive behavior; Amino Acids; Animal Behavior; Animals; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Computing Methodologies; Costs and Benefits; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Female; Food; Foundations; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Transcription; Genetic Variation; Goals; Human; Molecular; Neurons; Nutrient; Nutritional; Outcome; Partner in relationship; Problem Solving; Process; Research; Resolution; Risk; Social Adjustment; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; System; Testing; Yeasts; base; deprivation; experience; experimental study; feeding; fighting; flexibility; fly; gene function; male; neural circuit; neurogenetics; novel; nutrition; relating to nervous system; response; social defeat; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY The overarching goal of the Asahina lab is to understand the neurogenetic mechanisms by which animals ad- just tactics during social behaviors in a context-dependent manner. To this end, they study agonistic interac- tions between Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Flies choose between different types and intensities of social behaviors based on both internal and external conditions (e.g., feeding status, mating status, outcomes of pre- vious interactions). Powerful tools for manipulating gene and neuronal function in Drosophila with high preci- sion provides a unique platform for understanding the neurogenetic mechanisms underlying this rich behavioral flexibility. One major finding from the Asahina lab during the past 4 years is that a specific subset of octopamin- ergic neurons suppress aggression, and that the transcriptional regulator nervy controls the expression of genes necessary for these neurons to function as an aggression “brake”. They also characterized the genetic origins of the functional differences between three male-specific aggression-promoting neurons. With the ability to genetically control previously characterized aggression-promoting neurons and their development of novel computational methodologies for characterizing agonistic interactions at fine resolution, goals of the Asahina lab over the next five years are to: 1) elucidate how animals establish dominant-submissive hierarchies based on experience, and 2) characterize the neuronal and genetic mechanisms by which deficits in specific nutrients modulate behavioral tactics during competition for food. The first goal will be pursued by building upon their recent finding that the dominant-submissive relationship can override experimental activation of aggression- promoting neurons. They will test the prediction that experience-dependent modulation of aggressive behav- iors is implemented by an uncharacterized neuronal or molecular mechanism. The second goal is inspired by their finding that amino-acid deprivation dramatically increases aggression in both male and female flies, but only when live yeast is present in the environment. They will elucidate how specific nutrition deficits alter the function of aggression-controlling neuronal and genetic modules. These studies build upon strengths of the lab in genetics and advanced behavioral quantification, plus their ingenuity in developing novel behavioral para- digms for addressing longstanding questions in the field of animal behavior, most importantly: how do animals strategically choose between behavioral options? Theoretical analyses have predicted that animals must have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to integrate information and calculate costs and benefits associated with a particular behavior during agonistic interactions. However, experimental systems to quantitatively characterize the neural bases of these behavioral choices have remained elusive. The proposed experiments provide entry points for solving this problem by re-defining functions of genes and neurons from the perspective of cost/ben- efit calculations during competition. Proposed research will bridge this critical gap by illuminating operational principles by which genes and neurons control context-dependent adjustment of social behaviors.

项目概要 朝比奈实验室的首要目标是了解动物适应的神经发生机制。 为此，他们研究了竞争性互动。 果蝇之间的关系选择不同类型和强度的社会。 基于内部和外部条件（例如，进食状态、交配状态、预产期结果）的行为 高精度操纵果蝇基因和神经元功能的强大工具。 sion 提供了一个独特的平台来理解这种丰富的行为背后的神经发生机制 过去 4 年朝比奈实验室的一项重大发现是章鱼胺的一个特定子集- 能神经元抑制攻击行为，转录调节神经控制 这些神经元发挥攻击“刹车”作用所必需的基因他们还描述了遗传特征。 三种男性特有的攻击性促进神经元之间功能差异的起源。 从基因上控制先前表征的攻击性促进神经元及其新型神经元的发育 以精细分辨率表征竞争相互作用的计算方法，Asahina 的目标 实验室在未来五年的目标是：1）阐明动物如何建立基于统治-顺从的等级制度 根据经验，2）描述特定营养素缺乏的神经和遗传机制 在争夺食物的过程中调整行为策略将通过建立在他们的基础上来实现。 最近发现支配-顺从关系可以超越攻击性的实验激活- 他们将测试攻击性行为的经验依赖性调节的预测。 iors 是通过一种未表征的神经或分子机制实现的。第二个目标的灵感来自于。 他们发现氨基酸剥夺会显着增加雄性和雌性果蝇的攻击性，但是 只有当环境中存在活酵母时，他们才会阐明特定的营养缺乏如何改变。 这些研究建立在实验室的优势之上。 在遗传学和先进的行为量化方面，加上他们在开发新的行为副产品方面的独创性 解决动物行为领域长期存在的问题的数字，最重要的是：动物如何 理论分析预测动物必须有行为选择之间的战略选择？ 复杂的机制已经发展到集成信息并计算与某项相关的成本和收益 然而，实验系统可以定量表征竞争相互作用期间的特殊行为。 这些行为选择的神经基础仍然难以捉摸，所提出的实验提供了入口。 从成本/本益的角度重新定义基因和神经元的功能来解决这个问题的要点 拟议的研究将通过阐明操作来弥补这一关键差距。 基因和神经元控制社会行为的上下文相关调整的原理。