ADAPTATION IN FAMILIES WITH MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

弱智儿童家庭的适应

• 批准号: 2199090
• 负责人: FRANK J FLOYD
• 金额: $ 22.31万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-09-08 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2199090
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); belief; bias; child (0-11); child behavior disorders; child with disability; chronic disease /disorder; cognition; coping; expectancy; family structure /dynamics; human subject; longitudinal human study; marriage /marital status; mental retardation; middle childhood (6-11); parent offspring interaction; problem solving; psychological adaptation; psychological stressor; psychological values; questionnaires; sibling relations; social support network; adolescence (12-20); belief; bias; child (0-11); child behavior disorders; child with disability; chronic disease /disorder; cognition; coping; expectancy; family structure /dynamics; human subject; longitudinal human study; marriage /marital status; mental retardation; middle childhood (6-11); parent offspring interaction; problem solving; psychological adaptation; psychological stressor; psychological values; questionnaires; sibling relations; social support network

Reciprocal influences and adaptation over time for mentally retarded children and their families will be evaluated in a longitudinal (5 years) follow-up of a representative sample of 150 families of school-age children with mild and moderate mental retardation. The study will focus on family interactions as proximal and potentially modifiable predictors of adjustment for all family members, and thus will suggest avenues for interventions to prevent deterioration in social and cognitive adjustment for the child, and to avoid distress and disruption for the other family members. The families were originally evaluated when the children were 6-18 years old, and were seen a second time 18-24 months later. For this third assessment, the family members will again complete structured and unstructured interaction sessions in their homes, which will be observationally coded to assess behavior management practices, family problem solving, supportiveness, and aversiveness among the family members. The quality of the parents' marital relationship, family stress, coping resources, and the psychosocial adjustment of the mentally retarded child also will be assessed at Time 3. Changes across time and predictive relationships among the measures will be examined to test the hypothesis that characteristics of the child, marital quality, family stress and coping resources each influence family interactions with a mentally retarded child, which in turn affect the child's psychosocial adjustment and cognitive and social development. This third assessment also will explicate cognitive factors related to distorted perceptions, cognitive biases, expectations, attributional sets, goals, values, and beliefs by the parents which can either foster positive adaptation or lead to conflict, hostility, and aversive interactions with the child. Additionally, at Time 3 the families of mentally retarded children will be contrasted with two pertinent comparison groups, families with children with a chronic illness or physical handicap (n=60), and families of behavior disordered children (n=60). These comparisons will determine the characteristics of family interactions and adaptation that are uniquely important to families raising a mentally retarded child, the influence of physical disabilities on child and family adjustment, and how family adaptation is linked to behavior problems in handicapped and nonhandicapped children.

随着时间的流逝，互惠的影响和适应 儿童及其家人将在纵向（5年）中进行评估 对150个学龄家族的代表样本进行后续措施 患有轻度和中度智力低下的儿童。 该研究将集中 关于家庭互动作为近端和可能修改的预测因子 对所有家庭成员进行调整，因此会建议 防止社会和认知调整恶化的干预措施 对于孩子，并避免对另一个家庭的困扰和破坏 成员。 最初对孩子进行评估 6-18岁，第二次在18-24个月后看到。 为了这 第三次评估，家庭成员将再次完成结构化和 他们家中的非结构化互动会议将是 观察编码以评估行为管理实践，家庭 解决问题，支持和厌恶性的家庭 成员。 父母婚姻关系的质量，家庭 压力，应对资源以及精神上的社会心理调整 智障儿童也将在时间3进行评估。跨时间的变化 将检查措施之间的预测关系，以测试 假设孩子的特征，婚姻质量，家庭 压力和应对资源每个都会影响家庭互动与 精神智障的孩子，这反过来影响孩子的社会心理 调整，认知和社会发展。 第三次评估 还将解释与扭曲的看法有关的认知因素， 认知偏见，期望，归因集，目标，价值观和 父母的信念可以促进积极适应或 导致冲突，敌意和与孩子的厌恶互动。 此外，在时间3上，精神智障的孩子的家庭将 与两个相关比较组形成鲜明对比，患有 患有慢性疾病或身体障碍的儿童（n = 60）和家庭 行为无序的儿童（n = 60）。 这些比较将决定 家庭互动和适应的特征 对于养育精神弱智的孩子的家庭来说，独特的重要 身体残疾对儿童和家庭调整的影响，以及 家庭适应如何与残障人士的行为问题有关 非诊所的孩子。