Cannabis legalization and changes in young adult substance use, related health risk behaviors, and risk factors in Washington State: Within-state variation and the role of community-level factors

华盛顿州大麻合法化和年轻人物质使用、相关健康风险行为和风险因素的变化：州内差异和社区层面因素的作用

• 批准号: 10207582
• 负责人: Katarina Guttmannova
• 金额: $ 28.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10207582
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Alcohols; Area; Cannabis; Case Study; Cities; Communities; County; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Collection; Databases; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; District of Columbia; Driving While Intoxicated; Etiology; Evaluation; Funding; Geographic Distribution; Health; Health Surveys; Human; Individual; Intervention; Laws; Legal; Lifestyle-related condition; Link; Longitudinal cohort; Longitudinal cohort study; Municipalities; Outcome; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Policies; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention program; Problem behavior; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sales; Shapes; Social Health Services; Social Justice; Spatial Distribution; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; Testing; Time; Variant; Voting; Washington; aged; cohort; density; economic cost; implementation intervention; improved; infancy; intervention program; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; neighborhood disadvantage; nonmedical use; secondary analysis; social; socioeconomic disadvantage; substance use; young adult

ABSTRACT Cannabis use among young adults is widespread and national studies indicate increases in recent years in prevalence of cannabis use, including daily use. As of November 2018, 10 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for non-medical (“recreational”) use for adults aged 21 and older. Washington State was on the forefront of these changes, voting to approve legalization in 2012 and effectively implementing the legislation two years later. Although a major argument for legalization was its potential to decrease the human, social, and economic costs related to criminal justice involvement, an un-intended detrimental consequence might involve its impact on cannabis and other substance use (SU). Importantly, the impact of policy implementation may be felt differently across the state. Local jurisdictions in many communities passed ordinances that impose restrictions on the cannabis market. Further, in municipalities where no bans are in place, the geographic distribution of stores is uneven, with cannabis retail stores often concentrating in socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Research on the evaluation of the effects of legalization on cannabis use is only in its infancy; little is known about the etiology of SU and related health risk behaviors, such as driving while intoxicated, and the role of community- and individual level cannabis- specific risk factors in the context of legalized cannabis. Moreover, it is unclear how relationships among use of different substances may change during the course of implementation or developmentally. The salience of known risk factors may also change during implementation, by context or over the course of young adulthood. This project capitalizes on unique and rich data we collected with funding from the WA State Department of Social and Health Services. The WA State Young Adult Health Survey (YAHS) is an accelerated longitudinal cohort study of young adults ages 18-29 from 2014-2018 with the first data collection occurring before any legal cannabis stores opened and additional cohorts added in each of the four subsequent years. The survey data will be linked with a cannabis policy database that denotes local variation in cannabis context, including regulations and restrictions on sales, and with data on density of stores and neighborhood disadvantage. This project aims to examine effects of cannabis legalization on SU and related health risk behaviors among young adults in WA State. We will also assess within-state variation in SU outcomes as it relates to community-level factors such as city and county policy, cannabis and alcohol retail outlet availability, and neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, we will examine the trajectories of SU and their interplay over the course of young adulthood and the role of the community-level factors in the etiology of young adult SU and related outcomes in the context of legalized cannabis. Understanding these effects will inform (1) planning of prevention and intervention efforts aimed at improving health outcomes and reducing problem behaviors in the changing cannabis policy context; and (2) regulatory provisions for the existing and new policies related to cannabis.

抽象的 年轻人吸食大麻很普遍，国家研究表明近年来吸食大麻的人数有所增加 截至 2018 年 11 月，美国 10 个州和特区的大麻使用流行率，包括日常使用。 哥伦比亚已将大麻用于 21 岁及以上成年人的非医疗（“娱乐”）用途合法化。 华盛顿州处于这些变革的最前沿，于 2012 年投票批准合法化，并有效地 两年后实施该立法，尽管合法化的一个主要论点是其潜力。 减少与刑事司法参与相关的人力、社会和经济成本，这是一种意想不到的行为 疼痛后果可能涉及其对大麻和其他物质使用（SU）的影响。 许多州的地方司法管辖区对实施政策的影响可能有所不同。 此外，社区还通过了对大麻市场施加限制的法令。 在没有禁令的地方，商店的地理分布不均匀，大麻零售店往往 集中于社会经济弱势社区的影响评估研究。 大麻使用合法化还处于起步阶段；对 SU 的病因和相关健康知之甚少 危险行为，例如醉酒驾驶，以及社区和个人层面大麻的作用 此外，目前还不清楚大麻合法化背景下的具体风险因素之间的关系。 不同的物质可能在实施或开发过程中发生变化。 已知的风险因素也可能在实施过程中、根据背景或在青年时期发生变化。 该项目利用了我们在西澳州政府部门的资助下收集的独特而丰富的数据。 西澳州青少年健康调查 (YAHS) 是一项加速纵向调查。 2014-2018 年 18-29 岁年轻人的队列研究，首次数据收集发生在任何研究之前 该调查在随后的四年中每年都开设了合法大麻商店并增加了更多群体。 数据将与大麻政策数据库相联系，该数据库表明大麻情况的当地差异，包括 销售法规和限制，以及有关商店密度和邻里劣势的数据。 该项目旨在研究大麻合法化对年轻人的 SU 和相关健康风险行为的影响 我们还将评估与社区层面相关的 SU 结果的州内差异。 市县政策、大麻和酒精零售店的可用性以及社区等因素 此外，我们将研究 SU 的轨迹及其在年轻过程中的相互作用。 成年期以及社区层面因素在年轻成人 SU 病因学和相关结果中的作用 在大麻合法化的背景下，了解这些影响将有助于（1）预防和规划。 旨在改善健康结果的干预措施和努力减少变化中的问题行为 大麻政策背景；(2) 与大麻相关的现有和新政策的监管规定。

项目成果

The association between cannabis use and risk of non-medical pain reliever misuse onset among young adults in a legal cannabis context.

在合法大麻背景下，大麻使用与年轻人非医疗止痛药误用风险之间的关联。

• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Rhew, Isaac C;Le, Vi T;Ramirez, Jason J;Fleming, Charles B;Kilmer, Jason R;Delawalla, Miranda L M;Hultgren, Brittney A;Lee, Christine M;Larimer, Mary E;Guttmannova, Katarina
• 通讯作者: Guttmannova, Katarina