Molecular basis of olfaction in Tsetse fly

采采蝇嗅觉的分子基础

• 批准号: 10163668
• 负责人: Shimaa abdelsalam mohamed Ebrahim
• 金额: $ 7.26万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10163668
• 关键词: Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; African Trypanosomiasis; Animal Diseases; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Behavior; Biology; Blood; CRISPR/Cas technology; Canis familiaris; Cattle; Code; Complex; Country; Cues; Culicidae; Development; Disease; Distant; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Economic Burden; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Feeds; Female; Fruit; Genes; Genetic Vectors; Human; Impairment; In Situ Hybridization; Incidence; Insecta; Larva; Lead; Mammals; Measures; Molecular; Molecular Biology; Neurons; New Agents; Odorant Receptors; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Operating System; Operative Surgical Procedures; Panthera leo; Partner in relationship; Pheromone; Pheromone Receptors; Phylogenetic Analysis; Physiological; Plants; Receptor Gene; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Smell Perception; System; Testing; Training; Transgenic Organisms; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse Flies; Vaccines; Zebra; base; behavior test; behavioral response; design; egg; experience; feeding; fly; genome editing; human disease; in vivo; insight; interest; malaria mosquito; male; mutant; nagana; offspring; pregnant; prevent; receptor; response; sex

PROJECT SUMMARY The tsetse fly transmits trypanosomiasis to humans and animals across ~38 countries of Africa. In humans the disease is called African Sleeping Sickness. There is no vaccine to prevent it, and 70 million people are at risk. In animals the disease is called nagana, and it imposes a major economic burden on sub-Saharan Africa. The most effective means of preventing these diseases is to control the tsetse flies that transmit them, and olfactory traps have been particularly useful. Tsetse flies find their human and animal hosts largely through olfactory cues. Better understanding of the tsetse olfactory system may lead to better means of control. This proposal focuses on odorant receptors of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans, with highest priority accorded to receptors whose expression is well characterized in the tsetse antenna. The experimental plan calls for an analysis of the response profiles of these GmmOr receptors, which will be accomplished by an electrophysiological screen of 130 odorants. Many of these odorants are human or animal host emanations. The panel includes a set of odorants that have previously been tested against the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster or the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, to facilitate comparison of the G. morsitans receptors with the receptor repertoires of these species. The GmmOr receptors will be tested in an in vivo expression system, the "empty neuron" system. We will determine whether the receptors are broadly or narrowly tuned, and whether any respond to low concentrations of host odorants. Odorants that elicit strong responses will be tested behaviorally to determine whether they are strong attractants of G. morsitans. Odorants that elicit a strong attractive response at low concentrations may be useful as trapping agents. Olfactory behavior will also be examined as a function of sex and feeding history; several key hypotheses will be tested. The proposal should provide the first detailed functional characterization of odorant receptors in tsetse. The experimental plan is designed to produce valuable new information about the olfactory responses of this fly. The study could also identify new agents useful in controlling tsetse and the diseases that it carries. The proposal will provide training in electrophysiology, molecular biology, genetics, and vector biology to Dr. Shimaa Ebrahim, who has little or no experience in these topics. The project will benefit from an environment that contains a great deal of expertise in insect olfaction. Moreover, Yale is one of the world's centers of tsetse research.

项目概要 采采蝇将锥虫病传播给非洲约 38 个国家的人类和动物。 在人类中，这种疾病被称为非洲昏睡病。没有疫苗可以预防，70 数百万人处于危险之中。在动物中，这种疾病被称为 nagana，它给动物带来了重大的经济损失。 撒哈拉以南非洲的负担。预防这些疾病最有效的方法是控制 传播它们的采采蝇和嗅觉陷阱特别有用。采采蝇发现 它们主要通过嗅觉线索来识别人类和动物宿主。更好地了解采采蝇 嗅觉系统可能会带来更好的控制手段。 该提案重点关注采采蝇 Glossina morsitans 的气味受体，其气味受体最高 优先考虑其表达在采采触角中得到充分表征的受体。这 实验计划要求分析这些 GmmOr 受体的反应概况，这将 通过 130 种气味物质的电生理筛选来完成。这些气味物质中有许多是 人类或动物宿主的散发物。该面板包括一组以前已被使用过的气味剂 针对果蝇、果蝇或疟疾蚊子冈比亚按蚊进行了测试，以 促进 G. morsitans 受体与这些物种的受体库的比较。这 GmmOr受体将在体内表达系统“空神经元”系统中进行测试。我们将 确定受体是广泛调节还是狭窄调节，以及是否对低浓度有反应 宿主气味物质的浓度。引起强烈反应的气味剂将进行行为测试 确定它们是否是 G. morsitans 的强引诱剂。具有强烈吸引力的气味剂 低浓度下的响应可用作捕获剂。嗅觉行为也会 根据性别和喂养史进行检查；将测试几个关键假设。 该提案应提供气味受体的第一个详细功能特征 采采蝇。该实验计划旨在产生有关嗅觉的有价值的新信息 这只苍蝇的反应。该研究还可以确定可用于控制采采蝇和 它携带的疾病。 该提案将提供电生理学、分子生物学、遗传学和载体方面的培训 Shimaa Ebrahim 博士在生物学方面几乎没有经验。该项目将受益 来自包含大量昆虫嗅觉专业知识的环境。此外，耶鲁大学是一所 世界采采蝇研究中心之一。