Characterization of Multiple Factors in Training and Plasticity in Central Vision Loss

训练中多因素的表征和中央视力丧失的可塑性

• 批准号: 10594958
• 负责人: Aaron R Seitz
• 金额: $ 59.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10594958
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Blindness; Brain; Central Scotomas; Compensation; Complex; Data Set; Discrimination; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Literature; Macular degeneration; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Modification; National Institute of Mental Health; Neuronal Plasticity; Outcome; Patients; Pattern; Perceptual learning; Performance; Peripheral; Persons; Photoreceptors; Population; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Reading; Recovery; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Design; Research Project Summaries; Research Support; Rest; Sampling; Scotoma; Sensory; Structure; System; Testing; Training; Translating; Vision; Vision Disorders; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual impairment; Work; aging population; behavioral outcome; behavioral plasticity; cognitive control; data sharing; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; gaze; improved; innovation; learning outcome; lens; macula; neural; novel strategies; novel therapeutics; preservation; spatial integration; visual process; visual processing

Project Summary Research on perceptual learning (PL) has been dominated by studies that seek to isolate and improve individual visual processes. However, an important translational outcome of PL research is to address the needs of patients with vision loss, who seek to improve performance on daily tasks such as reading, navigation, and face recognition. These more ecological cases of behavioral change and cortical plasticity, which are inherently complex and integrative, have revealed significant gaps in a more holistic understanding of how multiple visual processes and their associated brain systems jointly contribute to durable and generalizable PL. To address these gaps, here we study simulated and natural central vision loss. We focus on macular degeneration (MD), one of the most common causes of vision loss (projected to affect 248 million people worldwide by 2040), which results from damage to photoreceptors in the macula that disrupts central vision. Such central vision loss is a superb lens through which study to how ecologically relevant changes in the use of vision relate to changing brain activity and connectivity because it represents a massive alteration in visual experience requiring reliance on peripheral vision for daily tasks. With the use of eye-trackers and gaze-contingent displays that induce central scotomas, central vision loss can be simulated in normally seeing individuals, who then develop peripheral looking patterns that resemble compensatory vision strategies seen in MD patients. Ideal use of peripheral vision requires improvement in multiple vision domains, three of the most important being: early visual processing (e.g., visual sensitivity), mid-level visual processing (e.g., spatial integration), and attention and eye-movements. To date, no study has systematically investigated these three domains of PL and their neural underpinnings. The proposed research plan rests on rigorous prior work showing that PL influences multiple brain structures and functions related to these three domains. We propose a novel approach of systematically measuring how different training regimes related to the three domains influence a broad range of psychophysical and ecological behaviors (Aim 1), how these changes arise from plasticity in brain structure and function (Aim 2), and how PL after simulated central vision loss compares to PL in MD (Aim 3). This work is significant and innovative as it will be the first integrated study of PL characterizing multiple trainable factors and their impact on diverse behavioral outcomes and on cutting-edge assessments of neural representations and dynamics. It is also the first study to directly compare PL in MD patients with PL in a controlled model system of central visual field loss with simulated scotomas, which if validated will allow the use of this model system to interrogate MD in larger samples of healthy individuals. We will also share a unique dataset that will help the field to understand behavioral and neural plasticity after central vision loss and individual differences in responsiveness to training. Finally, this work will illuminate basic mechanisms of brain plasticity after sensory loss that may generalize to other forms of rehabilitation after peripheral or central damage.

项目摘要 关于知觉学习（PL）的研究已由试图隔离和改善个体的研究主导 视觉过程。但是，PL研究的重要转化结果是解决患者的需求 视力丧失，试图提高日常任务的绩效，例如阅读，导航和面部 认出。这些更生态的行为改变和皮质可塑性的案例，这些案例本质上是 复杂而综合的，已经揭示了对多个视觉方式的更全面理解的显着差距 过程及其相关的大脑系统共同促进了耐用且可推广的PL。解决 这些差距，在这里我们研究了模拟和自然的中央视力丧失。我们专注于黄斑变性（MD）， 视力丧失的最常见原因之一（预计到2040年将影响全球2.48亿人） 大黄斑对光感受器的损害破坏了中央视力。这种中央视力损失是 出色的镜头通过哪些研究对视觉使用的生态相关变化如何与变化有关 大脑活动和连通性，因为它代表了需要依赖的视觉体验的大规模改变 关于日常任务的外围愿景。通过使用眼线笔和凝视诱导的显示器的使用 Scotomas，可以在正常看到个人的情况下模拟中央视力损失，然后他们会发展外围 在MD患者中看到类似于补偿性视觉策略的外观模式。外围视觉的理想用途 需要改进多个视力域，这三个最重要的是：早期视觉处理（例如， 视觉灵敏度），中级视觉处理（例如，空间整合）以及注意力和眼动。到 日期，没有研究对PL的这三个领域及其神经基础进行系统研究。这 拟议的研究计划基于严格的先前工作，表明PL会影响多个大脑结构和 与这三个域相关的功能。我们提出了一种新颖的系统测量方法 与这三个领域有关的不同培训制度影响了广泛的心理物理和生态 行为（AIM 1），这些变化是如何由大脑结构和功能的可塑性引起的（AIM 2），以及PL 模拟后，中央视力损失与MD中的PL相比（AIM 3）。这项工作是重要的和创新的 成为PL的首次综合研究，该研究表征多个可训练因素及其对各种行为的影响 结果以及对神经表示和动态的最先进评估。这也是第一个研究 直接比较中央视野损失的受控模型系统中PL的PL与模拟 Scotomas，如果经过验证，将允许使用此模型系统在较大的健康样本中询问MD 个人。我们还将共享一个独特的数据集，该数据集将帮助该领域了解行为和神经 中央视力丧失后的可塑性和对训练反应的个体差异。最后，这项工作将 阐明感觉丧失后脑可塑性的基本机制，可能会推广到其他形式 外围或中央损坏后的康复。

项目成果

Oculomotor changes following learned use of an eccentric retinal locus.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108126
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: VISION RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Vice, Jason E.;Biles, Mandy K.;Maniglia, Marcello;Visscher, Kristina M.
• 通讯作者: Visscher, Kristina M.

Consistency of preferred retinal locus across tasks and participants trained with a simulated scotoma.

不同任务和使用模拟暗点训练的参与者的首选视网膜位点的一致性。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108158
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Vision research
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Maniglia,Marcello;Visscher,KristinaM;Seitz,AaronR
• 通讯作者: Seitz,AaronR