Effects of Job Quality in the Service Sector on Health-Related Outcomes Across the Life Course

服务部门工作质量对整个生命周期健康相关结果的影响

• 批准号: 10552021
• 负责人: KRISTEN HARKNETT
• 金额: $ 68.59万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-15 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10552021
• 关键词: Advertisements; Advertising; Affect; Age; American; Area; Automation; Buffers; Cities; Conflict (Psychology); Country; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Data Sources; Dimensions; Economic Conditions; Economics; Employee; Exposure to; Facebook; Family; Fringe Benefit; Future; Health; Health behavior; Individual; Instagram; Knowledge; Laws; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal Surveys; Measures; Mediation; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Natural experiment; Occupations; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Policies; Policy Maker; Policy Making; Population; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sampling; Schedule; Services; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Work; Social support; Speed; Surveys; Target Populations; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; Variant; Wages; Woman; Work; Workplace; caregiving; cost; deprivation; design; evidence base; expectation; fast food; healthy aging; human old age (65+); innovation; insight; large scale data; negative affect; new technology; novel; novel strategies; physical conditioning; population health; recruit; safety net; social; social relationships

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The U.S. service sector employs 27 million workers, 20% of the U.S. workforce. Abetted by new technologies, employers in the service sector have embraced surveillance and sanctioning, which affect time and pace of tasks on the job, unpredictable and constrained scheduling practices, which affect the organization of time on and off work, and automation, which shapes longer-term expectations for the future and job insecurity. We refer to these working conditions, collectively, as temporal dimensions of job quality to draw a contrast with purely economic dimensions of job quality. Although prior research has established a robust relationship between other aspects of job conditions and health, there is a gap in knowledge about how these new and increasingly prevalent workplace practices affect worker health and healthy aging. One important reason for this gap is a lack of suitable existing data containing information on both these emergent workplace practices and workers’ health outcomes, yet policy makers have already begun to take action to regulate these practices. There is thus a critical need to collect new data that will allow researchers to estimate the health effects of exposure to these temporal dimensions of job quality for workers across the life course. The proposed research expands upon an innovative method for collecting survey data at scale, at low-cost, and with speed from a target population of service-sector workers. We use the Facebook advertising platform to purchase and place survey recruitment advertisements in the mobile and desktop newsfeeds of Facebook and Instagram users, targeting those who work in retail and fast food. This approach allows us to target users with particular employers and/or in specific localities. We propose to collect repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data from 90,000 workers across the country. The proposed research uses these data and methods to accomplish three aims. First, we estimate the relationship between emergent temporal dimensions of job quality and worker health and healthy aging. The data collection is designed to capitalize on natural experiments to provide rigorous evidence on the health effects of temporally precarious work. One set of analyses will exploit city and company policy changes to use rigorous difference-in-differences and instrumental variable methods to estimate causal effects of job quality on health. Second, we assess whether the health consequences of surveillance and sanctioning, schedule unpredictability and constraint, and automation vary across the life course. Finally, we will assess the social and public supports that may buffer and mitigate the harmful health effects of these temporal dimensions of job quality. In sum, we deploy an innovative data collection approach combined with rigorous estimation to take advantage of natural experiments implemented when labor laws or company practices change. The significant contributions of our project entail testing how new dimensions of job quality affect health, estimating differential vulnerabilities across the life course, and gauging the importance of protective supports and policies. Collectively, this research provides key missing evidence on health impacts of job quality.

项目摘要/摘要 美国服务业雇员2700万工人，占美国劳动力的20％。由新技术教to 服务部门的雇主接受了监视和制裁，这会影响任务的时间和空间 在工作，不可预测且受约束的调度实践中，会影响时间和关闭时间的组织 工作和自动化，这塑造了对未来和工作不安全感的长期期望。我们指的是这些 整体工作条件是工作质量的临时维度，以与纯粹的经济形成对比 工作质量的维度。尽管先前的研究已经在其他方面建立了牢固的关系 关于工作条件和健康，关于这些新事物和日益普遍的知识存在差距 工作场所实践会影响工人健康和健康衰老。这种差距的一个重要原因是缺乏合适的 现有数据包含有关这些新兴工作场所实践和工人健康成果的信息， 然而，决策者已经开始采取行动来规范这些做法。因此，迫切需要 收集新数据，使研究人员能够估算暴露于这些临时性的健康影响 在整个生活课程中，工人的工作质量尺寸。拟议的研究扩展了创新的 用于按更高成本和目标群体速度收集调查数据的方法 工人。我们使用Facebook广告平台购买和放置调查招聘广告 在Facebook和Instagram用户的移动和桌面新闻源中，针对那些在零售业工作的人 快餐。这种方法使我们能够针对特定雇主和/或特定地区的用户。我们 提议从全国90,000名工人那里收集反复的横断面和纵向调查数据。 拟议的研究使用这些数据和方法来实现三个目标。首先，我们估计 工作质量的临时临时维度与工人健康与健康衰老之间的关系。这 数据收集旨在利用自然实验，以提供有关健康影响的严格证据 暂时不稳定的工作。一组分析将利用城市和公司政策更改以使用严格 差异差异和仪器可变方法，以估计工作质量对健康的因果影响。 第二，我们评估监视和制裁的健康后果，安排不可预测性 和约束，自动化在整个生活过程中各不相同。最后，我们将评估社会和公众的支持 这可能可以缓冲并减轻这些工作质量临时维度的有害健康影响。总而言之，我们 部署一种创新的数据收集方法与严格的估计相结合以利用自然 当劳动法或公司实践发生变化时，实施实验。我们的重大贡献 项目需要测试工作质量的新维度如何影响健康，估计各种差异漏洞 生活课程，并衡量保护支持和政策的重要性。总体而言，这项研究 提供有关工作质量健康影响的主要缺失证据。