Comparative Approaches for the Study of Somatosensory Processing in Drosophila

果蝇体感加工研究的比较方法

• 批准号: 10537280
• 负责人: Matthew Capek
• 金额: $ 4.49万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-01 至 2026-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10537280
• 关键词: Air; Animal Model; Animals; Behavior; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Brain; CRISPR/Cas technology; Cactaceae; Caenorhabditis elegans; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Dangerousness; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Funding; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic; Goals; Human; Humidity; Image; Invertebrates; Juice; Knock-out; Laboratories; Love; Mediating; Mexico; Modality; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; Nervous System; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurosciences; Protocols documentation; Reagent; Receptor Gene; Sensory; Shapes; Southwestern United States; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Temperature Sense; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Work; base; calcium indicator; cell type; comparative; design; egg; extreme heat; extreme temperature; flexibility; fly; genetic manipulation; genome editing; insight; mutant; neural circuit; neurogenetics; optogenetics; pain sensation; preference; pressure; promoter; receptor; response; sensor; sensory system; somatosensory

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT A central goal of neuroscience is to understand how the brain creates an internal representation of the sensory world, and how the coordinated activity of neurons and circuits transforms this representation into simple actions and behaviors. To get at these questions, neuroscientists rely heavily on a small set of model organisms such as C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice. These provide the advantage of excellent experimental access owing to their sophisticated neurogenetic techniques and facile propagation in the laboratory. Yet, an unintended consequence of this focus is that most of what we know about sensory representation comes from a very limited number of species—a few vertebrate and invertebrate model animals that are adapted to live in moderate conditions favorable to humans, like those of a common laboratory. The goal of this proposal is to establish the desert-dwelling fly Drosophila mojavensis as a new model system to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind sensory adaptations to environmental conditions such as extreme heat and dry air. The work proposed involves the application of genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9- mediated knockouts and transgenesis to study principles of thermo- and hygro-sensory processing in this species. Comparing the organization of sensory circuits in this desert-dwelling fly to those of the common laboratory fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster will lead to a greater understanding of the conserved principles behind temperature/humidity sensing and preference behavior, and help reveal the evolutionary forces that shape an animal’s ability to colonize new environmental niches. In general, increasing the diversity of the model systems we study will proportionally increase our understanding of how sensory systems evolve, reveal conserved principles of sensory processing, and ultimately help us better extrapolate results we obtain in animal studies to the human nervous system, in both normal and disease states.

项目摘要/摘要 神经科学的一个核心目标是了解大脑如何创建感官的内部表示 世界，以及神经元和电路的协调活动如何将这种表示变成简单 行动和行为。为了解决这些问题，神经科学家在很大程度上依赖一组模型 秀丽隐杆线虫，果蝇和小鼠等有机体。这些提供了出色的实验的优势 由于它们在实验室中的复杂神经遗传技术和便捷的传播而访问。但是，一个 这一重点的意外后果是，我们对感官表示的大多数都来自 数量非常有限的物种 - 少数脊椎动物和无脊椎动物模型动物，这些动物适合居住在 像普通实验室的中等条件一样适合人类。该提议的目的是 建立居住在沙漠的果蝇mojavensis作为研究细胞和的新模型系统 感觉适应环境条件（例如极热和干燥）的分子机制 空气。提出的工作涉及应用基因组编辑技术，例如CRISPR/CAS9- 介导的敲除和转基因研究在此研究热和卫生感觉处理原理 物种。将这种居住在沙漠居住的飞行中的感觉电路的组织与共同的苍蝇的组织进行比较 实验室果蝇果蝇Melanogaster将对构成原则有更多了解 在温度/湿度敏感性和偏好行为的背后，并有助于揭示进化力 塑造动物殖民新环境领域的能力。通常，增加了 我们研究的模型系统将按比例地增加我们对感觉系统如何发展的理解 感官处理的保守原则，并最终帮助我们更好地推断我们获得的结果 在正常和疾病状态下，对人类神经系统的动物研究。