Comparative Approaches for the Study of Somatosensory Processing in Drosophila

果蝇体感加工研究的比较方法

• 批准号: 10537280
• 负责人: Matthew Capek
• 金额: $ 4.49万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-01 至 2026-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10537280
• 关键词: Air; Animal Model; Animals; Behavior; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Brain; CRISPR/Cas technology; Cactaceae; Caenorhabditis elegans; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Dangerousness; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Funding; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic; Goals; Human; Humidity; Image; Invertebrates; Juice; Knock-out; Laboratories; Love; Mediating; Mexico; Modality; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; Nervous System; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurosciences; Protocols documentation; Reagent; Receptor Gene; Sensory; Shapes; Southwestern United States; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Temperature Sense; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Work; base; calcium indicator; cell type; comparative; design; egg; extreme heat; extreme temperature; flexibility; fly; genetic manipulation; genome editing; insight; mutant; neural circuit; neurogenetics; optogenetics; pain sensation; preference; pressure; promoter; receptor; response; sensor; sensory system; somatosensory

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT A central goal of neuroscience is to understand how the brain creates an internal representation of the sensory world, and how the coordinated activity of neurons and circuits transforms this representation into simple actions and behaviors. To get at these questions, neuroscientists rely heavily on a small set of model organisms such as C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice. These provide the advantage of excellent experimental access owing to their sophisticated neurogenetic techniques and facile propagation in the laboratory. Yet, an unintended consequence of this focus is that most of what we know about sensory representation comes from a very limited number of species—a few vertebrate and invertebrate model animals that are adapted to live in moderate conditions favorable to humans, like those of a common laboratory. The goal of this proposal is to establish the desert-dwelling fly Drosophila mojavensis as a new model system to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind sensory adaptations to environmental conditions such as extreme heat and dry air. The work proposed involves the application of genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9- mediated knockouts and transgenesis to study principles of thermo- and hygro-sensory processing in this species. Comparing the organization of sensory circuits in this desert-dwelling fly to those of the common laboratory fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster will lead to a greater understanding of the conserved principles behind temperature/humidity sensing and preference behavior, and help reveal the evolutionary forces that shape an animal’s ability to colonize new environmental niches. In general, increasing the diversity of the model systems we study will proportionally increase our understanding of how sensory systems evolve, reveal conserved principles of sensory processing, and ultimately help us better extrapolate results we obtain in animal studies to the human nervous system, in both normal and disease states.

项目概要/摘要 神经科学的一个中心目标是了解大脑如何创建感觉的内部表征 世界，以及神经元和电路的协调活动如何将这种表示转化为简单的 为了解决这些问题，神经科学家很大程度上依赖于一小组模型。 线虫、果蝇和小鼠等生物体提供了出色的实验优势。 由于其复杂的神经遗传学技术和在实验室中的简便传播，它们的获得率很高。 这种关注带来的意想不到的后果是，我们对感官表征的大部分了解都来自于 数量非常有限的物种——一些适合生活在其中的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物模型动物 温和的对人类有利的条件，就像普通实验室的条件一样。该提案的目标是 建立沙漠苍蝇 Drosophila mojavensis 作为研究细胞和 极端炎热和干燥等环境条件的感觉适应背后的分子机制 拟议的工作涉及基因组编辑技术的应用，例如 CRISPR/Cas9- 介导的敲除和转基因研究该领域的热感和湿感处理原理 比较这种沙漠苍蝇与普通苍蝇的感觉回路组织。 实验室果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster 将导致对保守原理有更深入的了解 温度/湿度传感和偏好行为背后，并有助于揭示进化力量 塑造动物殖民新环境的能力，一般来说，增加物种的多样性。 我们研究的模型系统将成比例地增加我们对感觉系统如何进化的理解，揭示 感觉处理的保守原则，并最终帮助我们更好地推断我们在 对正常和疾病状态下的人类神经系统进行动物研究。