Electrochemical POU Water Purification System

电化学POU净水系统

• 批准号: 10481871
• 负责人: Lindsay Boehme
• 金额: $ 15.73万
• 依托单位: POWERTECH WATER, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10481871
• 关键词: Adopted; Anodes; Awareness; Brain; Carbon; Cathodes; Cells; Certification; Child; Consumption; Copper; Corrosion; Development; Devices; Drops; Electrodes; Elements; Engineering; Ensure; Excision; Filtration; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Guidelines; Health; Home; Infrastructure; Institution; Knowledge; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Lead levels; Left; Maintenance; Measurement; Metal exposure; Metals; Methods; Michigan; Minerals; Outcome; Performance; Phase; Prevention Measures; Price; Process; Reaction; Regulation; Resources; Sampling; Sanitation; Science; Services; Signal Transduction; Source; Specificity; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Trust; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Update; Water; Water Purification; Water Supply; Work; authority; base; contaminated drinking water; cost; cost effective; design; drinking water; economic evaluation; lead concentration; lead contamination; lead exposure; pressure; response; success; voltage; water treatment

PROJECT SUMMARY Lead contamination in drinking water is a pervasive health problem across the US.1 Children are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can have permanent detrimental effects on brain development.2,3 Despite corrosion prevention measures taken by public water authorities, lead concentrations in drinking water are routinely elevated nationwide, and an estimated 12 million lead services lines are in need of replacement.4 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established The Lead and Copper Rule in 1991 to limit exposure of these elements and set the action level to 15 ppb; however, there is no safe level of lead consumption and more stringent regulations are starting to be adopted around the world.5-8 The crisis observed in Flint, Michigan in 2014 put lead exposure into the public spotlight increasing consumer awareness. Seven years later, lead contamination of drinking water supplies remains a national issue. Lead filters currently on the market lack specificity with limited device lifetime dictated by the total amount of water volume filtered, regardless of lead concentration. Incumbent solutions for home water purification are archaic and outdated. ElectraMetTM from PowerTech Water (PTW) is an electrochemical filter that can target the removal of lead. The device uses activated carbon electrodes and a small applied voltage (< 2.0 V) to induce Faradaic reactions at both the carbon-based anodes and cathodes within the cell. By tuning the device configuration and operating parameters, lead will precipitate out of solution, and be permanently removed while other dissolved minerals are left unaffected. In this CRP project, PTW's goal is to design a POU device that meets target end-use product specifications and certification standards. At the completion of this work, we anticipate a consumer-focused device that exceeds the performance of current off-the-shelf solutions. The device will be reliable and specific for lead, have a multi-year system lifetime, and will not be consumed by abundant water constituents. These performance targets will be achieved through the following Specific Aims: 1. Product form factor design for a POU solution. Expected outcome: A design that fits under the sink and meets product specifications for the overall device size, pressure tolerance, price point, and lead removal performance. 2. Replication of testing standards to obtain drinking water filtration certifications. Expected Outcome: ElectraMetTM performance to meet NSF/ANSI 53 and 61 certification standards for lead removal and structural integrity. 3. Testing of a POU installation to simulate a real-world scenario. Expected Outcomes: Operating parameters required for lead removal under different water usage scenarios and a method to track device lifetime to predict filter replacement.

项目摘要 饮用水中的铅污染是美国普遍存在的健康问题。1尤其是儿童 容易受到铅中毒的影响，这可能会对大脑发育产生永久的有害影响。2,3尽管 公共供水机构采取的预防腐蚀措施，饮用水中的铅浓度为 在全国范围内通常会提升全国，估计需要替换1200万个铅服务线。4 环境保护局（EPA）于1991年建立了铅和铜规则，以限制暴露 这些元素并将动作水平设置为15 ppb；但是，没有安全水平的铅消耗水平和 在世界各地开始采用更严格的规定。5-8密歇根州弗林特观察到的危机 在2014年，铅曝光成为公众的关注，随着消费者的意识的提高。七年后，领先 饮用水供应的污染仍然是一个国家问题。 目前市场上的铅过滤器缺乏特异性，设备寿命有限，总量是 水量过滤，无论铅浓度如何。现任家庭水净化解决方案是 古老而过时。来自Powertech Water（PTW）的电磁电脑是一种电化学滤波器，可以靶向 去除铅。该设备使用活化的碳电极和小的施加电压（<2.0 V）到 在细胞内的碳基阳极和阴极诱导法拉达反应。通过调整设备 配置和操作参数，铅将从溶液中沉淀出来，并在 其他溶解的矿物质不受影响。 在这个CRP项目中，PTW的目标是设计符合目标最终用途产品规格的POU设备 和认证标准。这项工作完成时，我们预计将使用以消费者为中心的设备 超过当前现成解决方案的性能。该设备将是可靠的，并且特定于铅， 拥有多年的系统寿命，并且不会被丰富的水成分所消费。这些 绩效目标将通过以下特定目标实现： 1。POU解决方案的产品形式设计。预期结果：一种适合水槽下方的设计 满足整体设备尺寸，压力耐受性，价格点和降线的产品规格 表现。 2。复制测试标准以获得饮用水过滤认证。预期结果： 符合NSF/ANSI 53和61认证标准以删除潜在客户和61的Electramettm性能 结构完整性。 3。测试POU安装以模拟现实世界的情况。预期结果：操作参数 在不同的用水情况下删除铅的要求，以及一种将设备寿命跟踪的方法 预测过滤器更换。