Electrochemical POU Water Purification System

电化学POU净水系统

• 批准号: 10624899
• 负责人: Lindsay Boehme
• 金额: $ 14.24万
• 依托单位: POWERTECH WATER, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10624899
• 关键词: Adopted; Anodes; Authorization documentation; Awareness; Brain; Carbon; Cathodes; Cells; Certification; Child; Consumption; Copper; Correlation Studies; Corrosion; Development; Devices; Drops; Electrodes; Elements; Engineering; Ensure; Excision; Filtration; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Guidelines; Health; Home; Infrastructure; Institution; Knowledge; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Lead levels; Left; Maintenance; Marketing; Measurement; Metal exposure; Metals; Methods; Michigan; Minerals; Outcome; Performance; Phase; Prevention Measures; Price; Process; Reaction; Regulation; Resources; Sampling; Sanitation; Science; Services; Signal Transduction; Source; Specific qualifier value; Specificity; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Trust; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Update; Water; Water Purification; Water Supply; Work; authority; contaminated drinking water; cost; cost effective; design; drinking water; economic evaluation; lead concentration; lead contamination; lead exposure; manufacture; pressure; response; success; voltage; water treatment

PROJECT SUMMARY Lead contamination in drinking water is a pervasive health problem across the US.1 Children are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can have permanent detrimental effects on brain development.2,3 Despite corrosion prevention measures taken by public water authorities, lead concentrations in drinking water are routinely elevated nationwide, and an estimated 12 million lead services lines are in need of replacement.4 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established The Lead and Copper Rule in 1991 to limit exposure of these elements and set the action level to 15 ppb; however, there is no safe level of lead consumption and more stringent regulations are starting to be adopted around the world.5-8 The crisis observed in Flint, Michigan in 2014 put lead exposure into the public spotlight increasing consumer awareness. Seven years later, lead contamination of drinking water supplies remains a national issue. Lead filters currently on the market lack specificity with limited device lifetime dictated by the total amount of water volume filtered, regardless of lead concentration. Incumbent solutions for home water purification are archaic and outdated. ElectraMetTM from PowerTech Water (PTW) is an electrochemical filter that can target the removal of lead. The device uses activated carbon electrodes and a small applied voltage (< 2.0 V) to induce Faradaic reactions at both the carbon-based anodes and cathodes within the cell. By tuning the device configuration and operating parameters, lead will precipitate out of solution, and be permanently removed while other dissolved minerals are left unaffected. In this CRP project, PTW's goal is to design a POU device that meets target end-use product specifications and certification standards. At the completion of this work, we anticipate a consumer-focused device that exceeds the performance of current off-the-shelf solutions. The device will be reliable and specific for lead, have a multi-year system lifetime, and will not be consumed by abundant water constituents. These performance targets will be achieved through the following Specific Aims: 1. Product form factor design for a POU solution. Expected outcome: A design that fits under the sink and meets product specifications for the overall device size, pressure tolerance, price point, and lead removal performance. 2. Replication of testing standards to obtain drinking water filtration certifications. Expected Outcome: ElectraMetTM performance to meet NSF/ANSI 53 and 61 certification standards for lead removal and structural integrity. 3. Testing of a POU installation to simulate a real-world scenario. Expected Outcomes: Operating parameters required for lead removal under different water usage scenarios and a method to track device lifetime to predict filter replacement.

项目概要 饮用水中的铅污染是美国普遍存在的健康问题。1 儿童尤其如此 容易受到铅中毒的影响，这可能对大脑发育产生永久性的有害影响。2,3 公共水务部门采取的防腐蚀措施，饮用水中的铅浓度 全国范围内的故障率普遍升高，估计有 1200 万条主导服务线路需要更换。4 环境保护署 (EPA) 于 1991 年制定了铅和铜规则，以限制铅和铜的暴露 这些元素并将行动水平设置为 15 ppb；然而，铅的消耗量并没有安全水平， 世界各地开始采用更严格的法规。5-8 密歇根州弗林特发生的危机 2014 年，铅暴露成为公众关注的焦点，提高了消费者的意识。七年后，领衔 饮用水供应污染仍然是一个全国性问题。 目前市场上的铅过滤器缺乏特异性，装置寿命有限，取决于铅的总量。 过滤的水量，与铅浓度无关。家庭净水的现有解决方案是 过时的。 PowerTech Water (PTW) 的 ElectraMetTM 是一种电化学过滤器，可以针对 去除铅。该装置使用活性炭电极和小的外加电压（< 2.0 V）来 在电池内的碳基阳极和阴极处引发法拉第反应。通过调整设备 配置和操作参数，铅将从溶液中沉淀出来，并在同时被永久去除 其他溶解的矿物质不受影响。 在此 CRP 项目中，PTW 的目标是设计一款满足目标最终用途产品规格的 POU 设备 和认证标准。完成这项工作后，我们预计将推出一款以消费者为中心的设备 超过了当前现成解决方案的性能。该设备对于铅来说是可靠且专门的， 具有多年的系统寿命，并且不会被丰富的水成分消耗。这些 绩效目标将通过以下具体目标来实现： 1. POU 解决方案的产品外形设计。预期结果：适合水槽下方的设计 符合整体器件尺寸、耐压、价格点和引线去除的产品规格 表现。 2. 复制测试标准以获得饮用水过滤认证。预期结果： ElectraMetTM 性能满足 NSF/ANSI 53 和 61 的除铅认证标准 结构完整性。 3. 测试 POU 安装以模拟真实场景。预期结果：运行参数 不同用水场景下除铅所需的方法以及跟踪设备寿命的方法 预测过滤器更换。